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simul ac

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1 simul

sĭmŭl (ante-class. also sĕmŭl, Plaut. Trin. prol. p. 97 Ritschl; v. infra; and sĕmŏl, C. I. L. 1175 fin.; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 96; cf. also simitu. The final l of simul was scarcely pronounced in the vulg. lang., and in comic poetry does not make position with an initial consonant following; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 643 sq.; Lorenz ad Plaut. Ps. 567), adv. [Sanscr. sama-; Gr. hama, homos]; cf. semel, = eodem tempore, una, at the same time, together, at once, as soon as.
I.
Referring, as temporal adverb, to plural nouns of the same sentence, and representing persons or things as acting, happening, etc., simultaneously.
1.
After a plural subject:
hunc ambo in saxo semul sedent ejecti,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 72:
multa concurrunt simul,
Ter. And. 3, 2, 31:
(duo homines) simul cenare voluerunt,
Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14:
Zmyrnae cum simul essemus compluris dies,
id. Rep. 1, 8, 13:
tres simul soles effulserunt,
Liv. 41, 21 fin.:
tria simul agmina populabantur Indos,
Curt. 9, 10, 7:
duo simul hujusmodi personae Ciceroni obstiterunt,
Quint. 11, 1, 69:
Othonem multa simul exstimulabant,
Tac. H. 1, 21; Cic. Fam. 9, 1, 2; id. Att. 5, 10, 5; Liv. 21, 33, 3; 41, 2 init.; Curt. 4, 15, 22.—Sometimes the logical subject is understood:
multos modios salis simul (i. e. amicis) edendos esse,
Cic. Lael. 19, 67.—Sometimes both the subject and predicate are understood:
quare si simul (i. e. nos agere) placebit,
Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 2.—
2.
With a plur. object:
(Alcumena) uno partu duos peperit semul,
Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 8:
duas res simul nunc agere decretum'st mihi,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 1:
si duos consules simul ex Italia ejectos... res publica tenere potuisset,
Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:
ambo cum simul conspicimus,
Liv. 40, 46 init.:
simul omnibus portis erupit,
id. 40, 48 fin.; cf. Auct. Her. 3, 12, 22; Liv. 8, 37, 5; 21, 60; 40, 30; 42, 7; Curt. 5, 9, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 76; 10, 3, 23; 10, 7, 16.—So with singular implying a plural:
tota (urbs) simul exsurgere aedificiis coepit,
Liv. 6, 4, 6:
totam simul causam ponit ante oculos,
Quint. 6, 1, 1.—After an adverb. implying a plural noun:
igitur undique simul (i. e. ex omnibus locis simul) speculatores citi sese ostendunt,
Sall. J. 101, 1.—
3.
Referring [p. 1703] to plural attributes:
omnium simul rerum... discrimine proposito,
Liv. 6, 35, 6:
multarum simul civitatium legati Romam convenerunt,
id. 43, 6, 1.—
4.
Referring to an attributive participle understood:
multitudo plurium simul gentium (= simul eodem loco versantium),
Liv. 44, 45:
trium simul bellorum victor (= eodem tempore gestorum),
id. 6, 4, 1:
inter duo simul bella,
id. 7, 27, 7:
tot simul malis victi,
Curt. 4, 4, 12.
II.
Referring to nouns, etc., connected by the preposition cum: simul cum = una cum (v. una, s. v. unus), together with:
novi (illum) cum Calcha semul,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 48:
jube in urbem veniat jam tecum semul,
id. Most. 4, 2, 26:
qui ipsus equidem nunc primum istanc tecum conspicio semul?
id. Am. 2, 2, 122:
me misisti ad portum cum luci semul,
id. Stich. 2, 2, 40:
quae (amicitia) incepta a parvis cum aetate adcrevit simul,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 7:
simul consilium cum re amisti?
id. Eun. 2, 2, 10:
Critolaum simul cum Diogene venisse commemoras,
Cic. Or. 2, 38, 100:
Hortensius tecum simul pro Appio Claudio dixit,
id. Brut. 64, 230:
cum corporibus simul animos interire,
id. Lael. 4, 13:
vobiscum simul considerantis,
id. Rep. 1, 46, 70:
testamentum Cyri simul obsignavi cum Clodio,
id. Mil. 18, 48:
simul cum lege Aelia magistratum iniit,
id. Att. 1, 16, 13:
simul cum lumine pandit,
id. Arat. 704 (452):
simul cum moribus immutatur fortuna,
Sall. C. 2, 5:
cum anima simul,
id. ib. 33, 4:
simul cum occasu solis,
id. J. 91, 2:
simul cum dono designavit templi finis,
Liv. 1, 10, 5:
si (dictator) se (Fabium) simul cum gloria rei gestae extinxisset,
id. 8, 31, 7:
ut cresceret simul et neglegentia cum audacia hosti,
id. 31, 36, 7; cf. Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 136; id. Aul. 4, 4, 28; id. Bacch. 4, 1, 5; id. Cist. 4, 2, 105; id. Ep. 1, 1, 39; id. Men. prol. 27; 2, 3, 54; 5, 1, 36; id. Merc. 2, 1, 31; id. Most. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 13; id. Tusc. 3, 18, 40; id. de Or. 2, 33, 142; 3, 3, 10; id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Sest. 22, 50; id. Fam. 15, 4, 8; Liv. 1, 31, 3; Nep. 3, 2; 11, 3; 18, 3; 23, 6; Quint. 11, 3, 65; Hor. Epod. 1, 8; id. S. 1, 1, 58.—Strengthened by una:
quippe omnes semul didicimus tecum una,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 50; cf. id. Most. 4, 3, 43.—With ellipsis of mecum:
qui scribis morderi te interdum quod non simul sis,
Cic. Att. 6, 2, 8.—Freq. cum eo (eis, etc.) must be supplied after simul, likewise, together with him, them, etc.:
in vigiliam quando ibat miles, tum tu ibas semul (i. e. cum eo)?
Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 86:
cum simul P. Rutilius venisset,
Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17:
hos qui simul erant missi, fallere,
id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:
prae metu ne simul (i. e. cum iis) Romanus irrumperet,
Liv. 5, 13, 13:
extra turbam ordinem conlocuntur semul (i. e. inter se),
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 180; Cic. Pis. 34, 84; Liv. 6, 11, 5; Curt. 8, 13, 3.—Simul with abl. alone = cum with abl. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. Gr. hama with dat.):
simul his,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 86:
quippe simul nobis habitat,
Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 29:
his simul,
Sil. 3, 268:
Magnetibus simul transmissi,
Tac. A. 4, 55:
quindecimviri septemviris simul,
id. ib. 3, 64; cf. id. ib. 6, 9; Sil. 5, 418; Sen. Troad. 1049.
III.
Referring to a preceding adverb. clause, at the same time, i.e. as that of the action described:
juris ubi dicitur dies, simul patronis dicitur,
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 17:
quamquam ego vinum bibo, at mandata hau consuevi semul bibere una (= bibere quom vinum bibo, una cum vino),
id. Pers. 2, 1, 3:
quando nihil sit (quod det), semul amare desinat,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 73 Fleck.:
ubi res prolatae sunt, quom rus homines eunt, semul prolatae res sunt nostris dentibus,
id. Capt. 1, 1, 10; id. Ps. 4, 7, 84; cf.:
domum numquam introibis, nisi feres pallam simul (i. e. cum introibis),
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 104.
IV.
Referring to two or more co-ordinate terms or facts representing these as simultaneous, and at the same time, and also, both... and ( at once), together.
1.
Referring to co-ordinate terms of the same sentence.
a.
Simul preceding all the coordinate terms which are connected by et, ac, atque, que, or by et... et (freq. in the histt.):
semul flere sorbereque haud facile est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 104:
Q. Hortensi ingenium simul aspectum et probatum est,
Cic. Brut. 64, 228: Bomilcar, simul cupidus incepta patrandi, et timore socii anxius, Sall. J. 70, 5:
dicenti lacrimae simul spiritum et vocem intercluserunt,
Liv. 40, 16 init.:
quae simul auxilio tribunicio et consensu plebis impediri coepta,
id. 6, 27, 9:
Lycios sub Rhodiorum simul imperio et tutela esse,
id. 41, 6 fin.:
Priverni qui simul a Fundanis ac Romanis defecerunt,
id. 8, 19, 11:
simul divinae humanaeque spei pleni pugnam poscunt,
id. 10, 40, 1:
eximio simul honoribus atque virtutibus,
id. 6, 11, 3:
obruit animum simul luctus metusque,
id. 42, 28; 5, 26, 10; Val. Max. 5, 2, 6:
simul ipsum Vitellium contemnebant metuebantque,
Tac. H. 2, 92; cf. Liv. 3, 38, 12; 3, 50, 12; 5, 7, 3; 6, 18, 5; 6, 33, 9; 6, 40, 4; 9, 12, 4; 27, 51, 12; Caes. B. G. 7, 48; Curt. 5, 4, 30; Sen. Q. N. 2, 54, 2.—So with three or more co-ordinate terms, either all connected by et, Caes. B. G. 4, 24, 2; Quint. 1, 12, 3; 10, 7, 23;
or asyndetic: nunc simul res, fides, fama, virtus, decus deseruerunt,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 60.—
b.
Simul after all the coordinate terms (mostly ante-class.):
nunc operam potestis ambo mihi dare et vobis simul,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 40:
faxo et operam et vinum perdiderit simul,
id. Aul. 3, 6, 42:
ut si quis sacrilegii et homicidii simul accusetur,
Quint. 12, 1, 4; cf. Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 92; id. Men. 3, 3, 16; Mart. 11, 58, 10.—
c.
Simul after the first of the co-ordinate terms (so not in Cic.):
convenit regnum simul atque locos ut haberet,
Naev. Bell. Pun. 1, 6, fr. 3:
oculis simul ac mente turbatum,
Liv. 7, 26, 5:
quod ubi auditum simul visumque est,
id. 8, 39, 7:
pulvere simul ac sudore perfusum,
Curt. 3, 5, 2:
terrestri simul navalique clade,
id. 4, 3, 14:
vota nuncupabantur simul et solvebantur,
Val. Max. 6, 9, ext. 5:
qui ima simul ac summa foveret aequaliter,
Sen. Ep. 90, 25; cf. Liv. 4, 32, 12; Curt. 3, 8, 23; 6, 5, 19; 8, 5, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 30.—In post-Aug. prose without any temporal idea, = as well as:
populi Romani facta simul ac dicta memoratu digna... deligere constitui,
Val. Max. 1 prol.; so id. 1, 1, 9.—
d.
Placed before the last term.
(α).
Simul et (= simul etiam), and at the same time, and also:
Jugurtha, postquam oppidum Capsam aliosque locos munitos, simul et magnam pecuniam amiserat,
Sall. J. 97, 1:
Marium fatigantem de profectione, simul et invisum et offensum,
id. ib. 73, 2:
Marius hortandi causa, simul et nobilitatem exagitandi, contionem advocavit,
id. ib. 84, 5:
milites modesto imperio habiti, simul et locupletes,
id. ib. 92, 2:
Perseus cum adventu consulis, simul et veris principio strepere omnia cerneret,
Liv. 44, 34 fin.; cf. Hor. C. 1, 20, 6.—
(β).
Simulque (rare):
ut (materia) fragilis incumberet, simulque terra umore diluta,
Curt. 8, 10, 25.—
(γ).
Simul, without any conjunction (so in Cic., but only poet.):
Neptuno grates habeo et tempestatibus, semul Mercurio qui, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 3:
Electra Stereopeque, simul sanctissima Maja,
Cic. Arat. 270 (36):
inter solis iter, simul inter flamina venti,
id. ib. 342 (101):
ambiguus consilii, num Dyrrhachium pedite atque equite, simul longis navibus mare clauderet,
Tac. H. 2, 83. —
e.
Inserted in the last term ( poet.):
memor Actae non alio rege puertiae, Mutataeque simul togae,
Hor. C. 1, 36, 9;
interea Maecenas advenit atque Coccejus, Capitoque simul Fontejus,
id. S. 1, 5, 32.—
2.
Referring to two or more co-ordinate clauses or sentences.
a.
Et simul or simulque:
contundam facta Talthybi, contem namque omnes nuntios, semulque cursuram meditabor ad ludos Olympios,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 34:
eamus, et de istac simul consilium volo capere una tecum,
i. e. while going, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 65:
quod... et simul quia,
Lucr. 5, 1181:
ratio Ecquaenam fuerit origo... et simul ecquae sit finis, etc.,
id. 5, 1213:
sed iidem illi ita mecum loquuntur... et simul admonent quiddam quod cavebimus, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 1, 11, 28:
ex tuis litteris cognovi festinationem tuam, et simul sum admiratus cur, etc.,
id. Fam. 7, 8, 1:
emergit Nixi caput, et simul effert sese clara Fides et, etc.,
id. Arat. 713 (460):
postquam Rutilium consedisse accepit, simulque ex Jugurthae proelio clamorem augeri,
Sall. J. 52, 6:
equites ex equis desiliunt, simulque et hosti se opponunt, et animos peditum accendunt,
Liv. 3, 62, 8:
tum rigere omnibus corpora... et simul lassitudine et... fame etiam deficere,
id. 21, 54, 9; 41, 3; Cic. Arat. 504 (259); 545 (299); Curt. 4, 2, 21; Quint. 2, 5, 13.—
b.
Simul with autem or enim, introducing the second sentence:
salve! simul autem vale!
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1: augeamus sane suspicionem tuam;
simul enim augebimus diligentiam,
Cic. Marc. 7, 22.—
c.
Simul preceding co-ordinate sentences, generally connected by et... et, but also by a single copulative conjunction:
simul enim et rei publicae consules, et propones ei exempla ad imitandum,
Cic. Phil. 10, 2, 5:
illa autem altera ratio quae simul et opinionem falsam tollit, et aegritudinem detrahit,
id. Tusc. 4, 28, 60:
simul et inopiam frumenti lenire, et ignaris omnibus parare,
Sall. J. 91, 1:
nullus portus erat qui simul et omnis onerarias caperet, et tecta legionibus praeberet,
Liv. 32, 18, 3:
simul et cohors invasit, et ex omnibus oppidi partibus... concurrerunt,
id. 32, 24, 3: simul Metelli imagines dereptae, et missi qui Antonio nuntiarent. Tac. H. 3, 13; cf. Suet. Caes. 57.—
3.
Referring to co-ordinate clauses introduced by subordinating conjunctions:
Mnesilochum ut requiram atque ut eum mecum ad te adducam semul,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 2:
tantum faciam ut notam apponam... et simul significem, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 6, 2:
quod eo liberius ad te seribo, quia nostrae laudi favisti, simulque quod video non novitati esse invisum meae,
id. ib. 1, 7, 8; 7, 10, 3.—If used in connecting dependent clauses, simul often stands for a co-ordinating conjunction; v. VI. infra.
V.
Introducing an independent sentence, at the same time, also, likewise (cf.: itaque, igitur, deinde, tum, etc.).
1.
Simul alone:
ego Tiresiam consulam quid faciundum censeat: semul hanc rem ut facta est eloquar,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 77:
sequimini! simul circumspicite ne quis adsit arbiter,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 1:
alterum ipse efficiam ut attente audiatis. Simul illud oro: si, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10:
hoc proprium virtutis existimant... simul hoc se fore tutiores arbitrantur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 23:
Valerio Samnitium legiones occurrunt... simul in Campanos stimulabat ira,
Liv. 7, 32, 3:
tibi (Apollo) decimam partem praedae voveo. Te simul, Juno, precor ut, etc.,
id. 5, 21, 3.—
2.
More freq. simul et (= etiam):
quia videbitur Magis verisimile id esse... simul et conficiam facilius ego quod volo,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 55:
nolite committere ut in re tam inveterata quidquam novi sentiatis. Simul et illa omnia ante oculos vestros proponite, etc.,
Cic. Balb. 28, 65:
demonstravi haec Caecilio. Simul et illud ostendi, me ei satisfacturum,
id. Att. 1, 1, 4:
legati jam reverterant... simul venerant et ab rege Perseo oratores qui, etc.,
Liv. 41, 19 med.:
ipse ad Sycurium progressus, opperiri ibi hostium adventum statuit. Simul et frumentari passim exercitum jubet,
id. 42, 54 fin.; cf. Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 14; Cic. Or. 2, 85, 349; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 12, § 34; id. Prov. Cons. 15, 36; id. Balb. 25, 56; id. Arat. 618 (372); 628 (382); 707 (454); 721 (468); Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 6, 8; Sall. C. 30, 2; id. J. 100, 3; Liv. 8, 9, 13; 8, 32, 5; 10, 3, 2; 40, 32; 4, 49, 3; Tac. H. 1, 1; 1, 52; 2, 53; 3, 15; 3, 18; 3, 20; 3, 29; 3, 42; 3, 82.
VI.
Simul itself stands as co-ordinating conjunction, to connect dependent clauses represented as contemporaneous, and at the same time, and also (not ante-class.; rare in Cic.;
freq. in the histt.): ei Verres possessionem negat se daturum, ne posset patronum suum juvare, simul ut esset poena quod, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 124:
omnes vocat ad diripiendos Eburones, ut potius Gallorum vita quam legionarius miles periclitetur, simul ut... pro tali facinore stirps et nomen civitatis tollatur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 34: quippe foedum hominem a republica procul esse volebat;
simul quia boni complures praesidium in eo putabant,
Sall. C. 19, 2:
cujus de virtute, quia multi dixere, praetereundum puto, simul ne per insolentiam quis existumet memet studium meum laudando extollere,
id. J. 4, 2:
nihil horum... discere cum cerneret posse, simul et tirocinio et perturbatione juvenis moveretur, etc.,
Liv. 39, 47:
a sermone Graeco puerum incipere malo, quia Latinum vel nobis nolentibus perhibet, simul quia disciplinis quoque Graecis prius instruendus est,
Quint. 1, 1, 12; Sall. J. 20, 1; Liv. 39, 33, 1; 8, 6, 11; Caes. B. C. 43, 2; Sall. C. 20, 3; 56, 5; Liv. 3, 50, 10; 40, 36 init.; Tac. H. 1, [p. 1704] 70;
2, 15.—So, connecting participial expressions or adverbial phrases with dependent clauses: his amicis confisus Catilina, simul quod aes alienum ingens erat, et quod... opprimendae reipublicae consilium cepit,
Sall. C. 16, 4:
hi, quod res in invidia erat, simul et ab Numidis obsecrati,
id. J. 25, 5:
ob eam iram, simul ut praeda militem aleret, duo milia peditum... populari agrum jussit,
Liv. 21, 52, 5; 3, 66, 3:
equites praemisit speculatum, simul ut ignem exstinguerent,
Curt. 4, 10, 11:
Otho, quamquam turbidis rebus, etc., simul reputans non posse, etc.,
Tac. H. 1, 83 init.:
committere igitur eum (locum) non fidelissimis sociis noluit, simul quod ab illa parte urbis navibus aditus ex alto est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 32, § 84; Liv. 9, 2, 5; Tac. H. 1, 70 fin.; 2, 28; 2, 30.
VII.
Simul. as co-ordinating conjunction, is frequently placed before each of the co-ordinate terms (simul... simul = hama men... hama de), partly... partly; not only... but at the same time (not anteAug.).
1.
With independent clauses:
simul castra oppugnabantur, simul pars exercitus ad populandum agrum Romanum missa,
Liv. 3, 5, 2:
accolas Hannibal simul perlicit ad naves fabricandas, simul et ipsi traici exercitum cupiebant,
id. 21, 26, 7:
ab his simul custodes trucidari coepti, simul datum signum armatis ut ex insidiis concurrerent,
id. 9, 25, 8:
simul gratias agit, simul gratulatur quod, etc.,
Curt. 6, 7, 15; cf. Verg. A. 1, 631 sq.; 2, 220 sqq.; 12, 268; Liv. 1, 9, 5.—
2.
With dependent clauses:
venit ad quaerendum, simul quod non deducerent praesidia, simul quod in Bithyniam auxilia missi forent,
Liv. 39, 46 fin.:
Perseus cum audisset, simul Meliboeam a consulis exercitu oppugnari, simul classem Iolci stare,
id. 44, 13 init.:
consul ad Phylan ducit, simul ut praesidium firmaret, simul ut militi frumentum divideret,
id. 44, 8, 1:
simul questi... simul nuntiantes,
id. 42, 46:
plus quam imponebatur oneris recepi, simul ut pleniore obsequio demererer amantissimos mei, simul ne... alienis vestigiis insisterem, Quint. prooem. 3.—Rarely connecting a dependent clause with an independent sentence: Athenas ierant, simul ut pro legatione praemio esset honos, simul peritos legum peregrinarum ad condenda nova jura usui fore credebant,
Liv. 3, 35, 5; cf. Verg. A. 12, 758.—
3.
Co-ordinating dependent clauses with adverbial phrases:
Germani frequenter in castra venerunt, simul sui purgandi causa, simul ut de induciis impetrarent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 13:
Philippus, simul ne ocio miles deterior fieret, simul avertendae suspicionis causa... in Maedicam ducere pergit,
Liv. 40, 21, 1. —
4.
Connecting single nouns or phrases belonging to the same predicate:
cum simul fragor rupti pontis, simul clamor Romanorum impetum sustinuit,
Liv. 2, 10, 10:
ad se simul legatos, simul milites missos,
id. 42, 52 med.:
et Romae simul dilectu, simul tributo conferendo laboratum est,
id. 5, 10, 3:
increpando simul temeritatem, simul ignaviam,
id. 2, 65, 4:
tum vero si mul ab hostibus, simul ab iniquitate loco rum Poeni oppugnabantur,
id. 21, 33, 5:
inter simul complorationem feminarum, simul nefandam caedem,
id. 41, 11:
simul a mari, simul a terra ingredienti,
id. 44, 12 med.; cf. Tac. A. 1, 49; 14, 40; id. Agr. 25; 36; 41; Verg. G. 3, 201; id. A. 1, 513; Hor. S. 2, 2, 73.
VIII.
Simul, in connection with ac, atque (also written in one word,
sĭmŭlac
, sĭmŭlatque), rarely with ut, and very rarely with et, is used as subordinating, temporal conjunction, as soon as. For simulac, etc., simul alone is freq.
1.
Simul ac: simul ac lacrimas de ore noegeo (i. e. candido) detersit, Liv. And. ap. Fest. p. 174 Mull.:
Demenaetum simul ac conspexero hodie,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 73:
non simul ac se ipse commovit, sensit quid intersit,
Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:
si simul ac procul conspexit armatos, recessisset,
id. Caecil. 16, 46:
dicebam, simul ac timere desisses, similem te futurum tui,
id. Phil. 2, 35, 89:
Alcibiades, simul ac se remiserat, dissolutus reperiebatur,
Nep. Alcib. 1. 4:
at mihi plaudo Ipse domi, simul ac nummos contemplor in arca,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 67; cf. Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 108; id. Fam. 15, 16, 2; id. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 46; id. Or. 2, 27, 117; Verg. A. 4, 90; 12, 222; Ov. M. 2, 167; Hor. S. 1, 2, 33; 1, 4, 119; 1, 8, 21.—Strengthened by primum (= ut primum):
simul ac primum ei occasio visa est, quaestor consulem deseruit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34; so id. ib. 2, 1, 52, § 138; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; Suet. Caes. 30; id. Ner. 43.—
2.
Simul atque:
L. Clodius, simul atque introductus est, rem conficit,
Cic. Clu. 14, 40:
simul atque increpuit suspicio tumultus, artes ilico nostrae conticescunt,
id. Mur. 10, 22:
simul atque audivit ejus interitum, suo Marte res suas recuperavit,
id. Phil. 2, 37, 95:
simul atque enim se infiexit hic rex in dominatum injustiorem, fit continuo tyrannus,
id. Rep. 2, 26, 49:
simul atque sibi hic adnuisset, numeraturum se dicebat,
id. Quint. 5, 18:
qui, simul atque in oppidum venerat, inmittebantur illi continuo Cibyratici canes,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 47:
simul atque de Caesaris adventu cognitum est,
Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; cf. Cic. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 8, 10, 31; Suet. Caes. 29; id. Galb. 7.—
3.
Simul ut (v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33):
simul ut experrecti sumus, visa illa contemnimus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:
simul ut accepi a Seleuco litteras tuas, statim quaesivi, etc.,
id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:
nostros omnia consequi potuisse, simul ut velle coepissent,
id. Tusc. 4, 2, 5; id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 3 (6, 2):
simul ut, qui sint professi, videro, dicam,
id. Planc. 6, 14; id. Att. 10, 4, 12:
nam simul ut supero se totum lumine Cancer extulit, extemplo cedit delapsa Corona,
id. Arat. 596 (349).—
4.
Simul et:
simul et quid erit certi, scribam ad te,
Cic. Att. 2, 20, 2:
ego ad te statim habebo quod scribam, simul et videro Curionem,
id. ib. 10, 4, 12:
quam accepi simul et in Cumanum veni,
id. ib. 10, 16, 4; 16, 11, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3. In all these passages the Cod. Med. has simul et, which the editors variously changed into simulatque, simulac, simul ut, simul; so,
omne animal simul et ortum est, se ipsum diligit,
Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33, where the vulg. has simul ut, and Madv. reads simul [et] ortum.—
5.
Simul ubi:
quod simul ubi conspexit, equites emisit,
Liv. 4, 18, 7 dub. Weissenb. ad loc.—
6.
Simul alone, = simul atque:
simul herbae inceperint nasci,
Cato, R. R. 48:
hic simul argentum repperit, cura sese expedivit,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 4: simul limen intrabo, illi extrabunt illico, Afran. ap. Non. 104, 21 (Com. Rel. v. 5 Rib.):
simul inflavit tibicen, a perito carmen agnoscitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 86:
nostri, simul in arido constiterunt, in hostes impetum fecerunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:
simul increpuere arma, hostis pedem rettulit,
Liv. 6, 24, 1; cf. Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 12; id. Fin. 3, 6, 21; id. Arat. 594 (349); Caes. B. C. 1, 30, 3; Liv. 3, 62, 6; 4, 18, 6; 4, 31, 5; 4, 32, 6; 5, 25, 11; 8, 32, 2; 21, 55, 9; 44, 8 med.; 44, 19; 44, 44 fin.; Curt. 3, 11, 4; Phaedr. 3, 16, 16; Hor. C. 1, 12, 27; 3, 4, 37; Verg. G. 4, 232; Ov. F. 1, 567.—Strengthened by primum:
simul primum magistratio abiit, dicta dies est,
Liv. 6, 1, 6:
simul primum anni tempus navigabile praebuisset mare,
id. 35, 44, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; Suet. Caes. 30.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > simul
2 simul

simul adv. [3 SA-], at the same time, together, at once, simultaneously: multa concurrunt simul, T.: Eamus, et simul consilium volo capere, i. e. while going, T.: tres simul soles effulserunt, L.: duo consules simul ex Italiā eiecti: simul omnibus portis (Gracchus) erupit, L.: multarum simul civitatium legati Romam convenerunt, L.—Followed by cum, together with (cf. unā with cum): Simul consilium cum re amisti, T.: testamentum (Cyri) simul obsignavi cum Clodio: simul cum dono designavit templo finīs, L.—Ellipt.: multos modios salis simul edendos esse (sc. cum amicis): memor Mutatae simul togae, H.: qui simul erant missi: trium simul bellorum victor (sc. gestorum), L.—Poet., with abl: simul his, H.: Quippe simul nobis habitat, O.—Of concurrence in thought, followed by et, et... et, atque, or -que, at the same time, at once, together, as well, both: simul et cursu et spatio pugnae fatigati, Cs.: Q. Hortensi ingenium simul aspectum et probatum est: quae simul auxilio tribunicio et consensu plebis impediri coepta, L.: obruit animum simul luctus metusque, L.: pulvere simul ac sudore perfusum, Cu.: simul et cohors invasit, et ex omnibus oppidi partibus concurrerunt, L.—After simul, et often has the force of etiam: simul et illa omnia ante oculos vestros proponite, etc.: legati iam reverterant... simul venerant et ab rege Perseo oratores qui, etc., L.—Following a conj. (et simul or simulque), at the same time, also, further, likewise: postquam Rutilium consedisse accepit, simulque ex Iugurthae proelio clamorem augeri, S.: tantum faciam ut notam apponam... et simul significem, etc.: quod eo liberius ad te scribo, quia nostrae laudi favisti, simulque quod, etc.— Introducing an independent sentence, at the same time, also, likewise: hoc proprium virtutis existimant... simul hoc se fore tutiores arbitrantur, Cs.: tibi (Apollo) decimam partem praedae voveo. Te simul, Iuno, precor ut, etc., L.—With enim: augeamus sane suspicionem tuam; simul enim augebimus diligentiam.—Implying a connective, and at the same time, and also: ei Verres possessionem negat se daturum, ne posset patronum suum iuvare, simul ut esset poena quod, etc.: nihil horum... discere cum cerneret posse, simul et tirocinio et perturbatione iuvenis moveretur, etc., L.—Repeated, in co-ordinate clauses, partly... partly, at once... and, not only... but at the same time, though... yet also: adeo simul spernebant, simul metuebant, L.: simul Aenean in regia ducit Tecta, simul indicit, etc., V.: consul ad Phylan ducit, simul ut praesidium firmaret, simul ut militi frumentum divideret, L.; cf. Ille simul fugiens Rutulos simul increpat, V.: Germani frequentes in castra venerunt, simul sui purgandi causā, simul ut de indutiis impetrarent, Cs.—In subordinate temporal clauses, with atque or ac (less correctly as one word, simulac, simulatque), as soon as: L. Clodius, simul atque introductus est, rem conficit: simul atque sibi hic adnuisset dicebat, etc.: at mihi plaudo Ipse domi, simul ac nummos contemplor in arcā, H.—With ut, as soon as, immediately after: simul ut, qui sint professi, videro, dicam.—With et, as soon as: simul et quid erit certi, scribam ad te: quam accepi simul et in Cumanum veni, upon my arrival.—With primum, as soon as ever: simul primum magistratu abiit, dicta dies est, L.—Alone, in the sense of simul atque, as soon as: Hic simul argentum repperit, curā sese expedivit, T.: simul inflavit tibicen, a perito carmen agnoscitur: simul concrepuere arma, hostis pedem rettulit, L.
* * *

ADV

at same time; likewise; also; simultaneously; at once

Latin-English dictionary > simul
3 simul-ac

simul-ac see simul.

Latin-English dictionary > simul-ac
4 simul

f. hag, witch (poet.).

* * *

adv. [Ulf. simle = πότε; A. S. symle; Hel. simla = semper;, O. H. G. simblun; Lat. semper]:—ever; this ancient and obsolete word is preserved in only one or two passages, Hkv. 1. 41, and prob. Eg. 355 (in the verse).

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > simul
5 simul

I.

at once, at the same time, together.

II.

together

Latin-English dictionary of medieval > simul
6 simul

to slick

Magyar-ingilizce szótár > simul
7 simul-atque

simul-atque see simul.

Latin-English dictionary > simul-atque
8 simul atque

as soon as.

Latin-English dictionary of medieval > simul atque
9 Suffed-Simul

SUFFED-SIMUL
The silky yellowish seed hair of the Bombax tree in India.

Dictionary of the English textile terms > Suffed-Simul
10 Noli simul flare sobereque

• Don't whistle and drink at the same time

Latin Quotes (Latin to English) > Noli simul flare sobereque
11 multi-transmitter (simul/sequential)-casting

abbr. MSSC

режим одновременной передачи общей информации и передачи индивидуальной информации с разделением во времени (режим работы ССПО, согласно которому в служебном канале связи выделяются временные окна, коллективно используемые всеми базовыми станциями одной зоны ( общего) управления для одновременной передачи общей информации (напр., о порядке вызова подвижных объектов), и индивидуальные временные окна, в которых каждая базовая станция этой зоны производит последовательную передачу индивидуальной информации для каждой радиозоны (напр., номер рабочего канала); станция подвижного объекта при этом контролирует отношение сигнал) шум в каждом индивидуальном временном сегменте и определяет, какая базовая станция расположена наиболее близко; это позволяет обеспечить большой охват территории за счёт одновременного вещания, более точно определять местоположение подвижных объектов за счёт последовательного вещания и осуществлять оптимальное распределение рабочих каналов между индивидуальными радиостанциями)

Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > multi-transmitter (simul/sequential)-casting
12 multi-transmitter (simul/sequential)-casting

abbr. MSSC

режим одновременной передачи общей информации и передачи индивидуальной информации с разделением во времени (режим работы ССПО, согласно которому в служебном канале связи выделяются временные окна, коллективно используемые всеми базовыми станциями одной зоны ( общего) управления для одновременной передачи общей информации (напр., о порядке вызова подвижных объектов), и индивидуальные временные окна, в которых каждая базовая станция этой зоны производит последовательную передачу индивидуальной информации для каждой радиозоны (напр., номер рабочего канала); станция подвижного объекта при этом контролирует отношение сигнал) шум в каждом индивидуальном временном сегменте и определяет, какая базовая станция расположена наиболее близко; это позволяет обеспечить большой охват территории за счёт одновременного вещания, более точно определять местоположение подвижных объектов за счёт последовательного вещания и осуществлять оптимальное распределение рабочих каналов между индивидуальными радиостанциями)

Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > multi-transmitter (simul/sequential)-casting
13 multi-transmitter-simul/sequential-casting

abbr. MSSC

режим одновременной передачи общей информации и передачи индивидуальной информации с разделением во времени (режим работы ССПО, согласно которому в служебном канале связи выделяются временные окна, коллективно используемые всеми базовыми станциями одной зоны (общего)управления для одновременной передачи общей информации (напр., о порядке вызова подвижных объектов), и индивидуальные временные окна, в которых каждая базовая станция этой зоны производит последовательную передачу индивидуальной информации для каждой радиозоны (напр., номер рабочего канала); станция подвижного объекта при этом контролирует отношение сигнал/шум в каждом индивидуальном временном сегменте и определяет, какая базовая станция расположена наиболее близко; это позволяет обеспечить большой охват территории, более точно определять местоположение подвижных объектов и осуществлять оптимальное распределение рабочих каналов между индивидуальными радиостанциями); см. access channel; common time slot; individual time slot; mobile terminated call information

Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > multi-transmitter-simul/sequential-casting
14 testhez simul

to fit tight

Magyar-ingilizce szótár > testhez simul
15 في الوقت نفسه

simul

Arabic-English Medical Dictionary > في الوقت نفسه
16 semol

sĭmŭl (ante-class. also sĕmŭl, Plaut. Trin. prol. p. 97 Ritschl; v. infra; and sĕmŏl, C. I. L. 1175 fin.; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 96; cf. also simitu. The final l of simul was scarcely pronounced in the vulg. lang., and in comic poetry does not make position with an initial consonant following; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 643 sq.; Lorenz ad Plaut. Ps. 567), adv. [Sanscr. sama-; Gr. hama, homos]; cf. semel, = eodem tempore, una, at the same time, together, at once, as soon as.
I.
Referring, as temporal adverb, to plural nouns of the same sentence, and representing persons or things as acting, happening, etc., simultaneously.
1.
After a plural subject:
hunc ambo in saxo semul sedent ejecti,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 72:
multa concurrunt simul,
Ter. And. 3, 2, 31:
(duo homines) simul cenare voluerunt,
Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14:
Zmyrnae cum simul essemus compluris dies,
id. Rep. 1, 8, 13:
tres simul soles effulserunt,
Liv. 41, 21 fin.:
tria simul agmina populabantur Indos,
Curt. 9, 10, 7:
duo simul hujusmodi personae Ciceroni obstiterunt,
Quint. 11, 1, 69:
Othonem multa simul exstimulabant,
Tac. H. 1, 21; Cic. Fam. 9, 1, 2; id. Att. 5, 10, 5; Liv. 21, 33, 3; 41, 2 init.; Curt. 4, 15, 22.—Sometimes the logical subject is understood:
multos modios salis simul (i. e. amicis) edendos esse,
Cic. Lael. 19, 67.—Sometimes both the subject and predicate are understood:
quare si simul (i. e. nos agere) placebit,
Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 2.—
2.
With a plur. object:
(Alcumena) uno partu duos peperit semul,
Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 8:
duas res simul nunc agere decretum'st mihi,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 1:
si duos consules simul ex Italia ejectos... res publica tenere potuisset,
Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:
ambo cum simul conspicimus,
Liv. 40, 46 init.:
simul omnibus portis erupit,
id. 40, 48 fin.; cf. Auct. Her. 3, 12, 22; Liv. 8, 37, 5; 21, 60; 40, 30; 42, 7; Curt. 5, 9, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 76; 10, 3, 23; 10, 7, 16.—So with singular implying a plural:
tota (urbs) simul exsurgere aedificiis coepit,
Liv. 6, 4, 6:
totam simul causam ponit ante oculos,
Quint. 6, 1, 1.—After an adverb. implying a plural noun:
igitur undique simul (i. e. ex omnibus locis simul) speculatores citi sese ostendunt,
Sall. J. 101, 1.—
3.
Referring [p. 1703] to plural attributes:
omnium simul rerum... discrimine proposito,
Liv. 6, 35, 6:
multarum simul civitatium legati Romam convenerunt,
id. 43, 6, 1.—
4.
Referring to an attributive participle understood:
multitudo plurium simul gentium (= simul eodem loco versantium),
Liv. 44, 45:
trium simul bellorum victor (= eodem tempore gestorum),
id. 6, 4, 1:
inter duo simul bella,
id. 7, 27, 7:
tot simul malis victi,
Curt. 4, 4, 12.
II.
Referring to nouns, etc., connected by the preposition cum: simul cum = una cum (v. una, s. v. unus), together with:
novi (illum) cum Calcha semul,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 48:
jube in urbem veniat jam tecum semul,
id. Most. 4, 2, 26:
qui ipsus equidem nunc primum istanc tecum conspicio semul?
id. Am. 2, 2, 122:
me misisti ad portum cum luci semul,
id. Stich. 2, 2, 40:
quae (amicitia) incepta a parvis cum aetate adcrevit simul,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 7:
simul consilium cum re amisti?
id. Eun. 2, 2, 10:
Critolaum simul cum Diogene venisse commemoras,
Cic. Or. 2, 38, 100:
Hortensius tecum simul pro Appio Claudio dixit,
id. Brut. 64, 230:
cum corporibus simul animos interire,
id. Lael. 4, 13:
vobiscum simul considerantis,
id. Rep. 1, 46, 70:
testamentum Cyri simul obsignavi cum Clodio,
id. Mil. 18, 48:
simul cum lege Aelia magistratum iniit,
id. Att. 1, 16, 13:
simul cum lumine pandit,
id. Arat. 704 (452):
simul cum moribus immutatur fortuna,
Sall. C. 2, 5:
cum anima simul,
id. ib. 33, 4:
simul cum occasu solis,
id. J. 91, 2:
simul cum dono designavit templi finis,
Liv. 1, 10, 5:
si (dictator) se (Fabium) simul cum gloria rei gestae extinxisset,
id. 8, 31, 7:
ut cresceret simul et neglegentia cum audacia hosti,
id. 31, 36, 7; cf. Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 136; id. Aul. 4, 4, 28; id. Bacch. 4, 1, 5; id. Cist. 4, 2, 105; id. Ep. 1, 1, 39; id. Men. prol. 27; 2, 3, 54; 5, 1, 36; id. Merc. 2, 1, 31; id. Most. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 13; id. Tusc. 3, 18, 40; id. de Or. 2, 33, 142; 3, 3, 10; id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Sest. 22, 50; id. Fam. 15, 4, 8; Liv. 1, 31, 3; Nep. 3, 2; 11, 3; 18, 3; 23, 6; Quint. 11, 3, 65; Hor. Epod. 1, 8; id. S. 1, 1, 58.—Strengthened by una:
quippe omnes semul didicimus tecum una,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 50; cf. id. Most. 4, 3, 43.—With ellipsis of mecum:
qui scribis morderi te interdum quod non simul sis,
Cic. Att. 6, 2, 8.—Freq. cum eo (eis, etc.) must be supplied after simul, likewise, together with him, them, etc.:
in vigiliam quando ibat miles, tum tu ibas semul (i. e. cum eo)?
Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 86:
cum simul P. Rutilius venisset,
Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17:
hos qui simul erant missi, fallere,
id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:
prae metu ne simul (i. e. cum iis) Romanus irrumperet,
Liv. 5, 13, 13:
extra turbam ordinem conlocuntur semul (i. e. inter se),
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 180; Cic. Pis. 34, 84; Liv. 6, 11, 5; Curt. 8, 13, 3.—Simul with abl. alone = cum with abl. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. Gr. hama with dat.):
simul his,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 86:
quippe simul nobis habitat,
Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 29:
his simul,
Sil. 3, 268:
Magnetibus simul transmissi,
Tac. A. 4, 55:
quindecimviri septemviris simul,
id. ib. 3, 64; cf. id. ib. 6, 9; Sil. 5, 418; Sen. Troad. 1049.
III.
Referring to a preceding adverb. clause, at the same time, i.e. as that of the action described:
juris ubi dicitur dies, simul patronis dicitur,
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 17:
quamquam ego vinum bibo, at mandata hau consuevi semul bibere una (= bibere quom vinum bibo, una cum vino),
id. Pers. 2, 1, 3:
quando nihil sit (quod det), semul amare desinat,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 73 Fleck.:
ubi res prolatae sunt, quom rus homines eunt, semul prolatae res sunt nostris dentibus,
id. Capt. 1, 1, 10; id. Ps. 4, 7, 84; cf.:
domum numquam introibis, nisi feres pallam simul (i. e. cum introibis),
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 104.
IV.
Referring to two or more co-ordinate terms or facts representing these as simultaneous, and at the same time, and also, both... and ( at once), together.
1.
Referring to co-ordinate terms of the same sentence.
a.
Simul preceding all the coordinate terms which are connected by et, ac, atque, que, or by et... et (freq. in the histt.):
semul flere sorbereque haud facile est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 104:
Q. Hortensi ingenium simul aspectum et probatum est,
Cic. Brut. 64, 228: Bomilcar, simul cupidus incepta patrandi, et timore socii anxius, Sall. J. 70, 5:
dicenti lacrimae simul spiritum et vocem intercluserunt,
Liv. 40, 16 init.:
quae simul auxilio tribunicio et consensu plebis impediri coepta,
id. 6, 27, 9:
Lycios sub Rhodiorum simul imperio et tutela esse,
id. 41, 6 fin.:
Priverni qui simul a Fundanis ac Romanis defecerunt,
id. 8, 19, 11:
simul divinae humanaeque spei pleni pugnam poscunt,
id. 10, 40, 1:
eximio simul honoribus atque virtutibus,
id. 6, 11, 3:
obruit animum simul luctus metusque,
id. 42, 28; 5, 26, 10; Val. Max. 5, 2, 6:
simul ipsum Vitellium contemnebant metuebantque,
Tac. H. 2, 92; cf. Liv. 3, 38, 12; 3, 50, 12; 5, 7, 3; 6, 18, 5; 6, 33, 9; 6, 40, 4; 9, 12, 4; 27, 51, 12; Caes. B. G. 7, 48; Curt. 5, 4, 30; Sen. Q. N. 2, 54, 2.—So with three or more co-ordinate terms, either all connected by et, Caes. B. G. 4, 24, 2; Quint. 1, 12, 3; 10, 7, 23;
or asyndetic: nunc simul res, fides, fama, virtus, decus deseruerunt,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 60.—
b.
Simul after all the coordinate terms (mostly ante-class.):
nunc operam potestis ambo mihi dare et vobis simul,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 40:
faxo et operam et vinum perdiderit simul,
id. Aul. 3, 6, 42:
ut si quis sacrilegii et homicidii simul accusetur,
Quint. 12, 1, 4; cf. Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 92; id. Men. 3, 3, 16; Mart. 11, 58, 10.—
c.
Simul after the first of the co-ordinate terms (so not in Cic.):
convenit regnum simul atque locos ut haberet,
Naev. Bell. Pun. 1, 6, fr. 3:
oculis simul ac mente turbatum,
Liv. 7, 26, 5:
quod ubi auditum simul visumque est,
id. 8, 39, 7:
pulvere simul ac sudore perfusum,
Curt. 3, 5, 2:
terrestri simul navalique clade,
id. 4, 3, 14:
vota nuncupabantur simul et solvebantur,
Val. Max. 6, 9, ext. 5:
qui ima simul ac summa foveret aequaliter,
Sen. Ep. 90, 25; cf. Liv. 4, 32, 12; Curt. 3, 8, 23; 6, 5, 19; 8, 5, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 30.—In post-Aug. prose without any temporal idea, = as well as:
populi Romani facta simul ac dicta memoratu digna... deligere constitui,
Val. Max. 1 prol.; so id. 1, 1, 9.—
d.
Placed before the last term.
(α).
Simul et (= simul etiam), and at the same time, and also:
Jugurtha, postquam oppidum Capsam aliosque locos munitos, simul et magnam pecuniam amiserat,
Sall. J. 97, 1:
Marium fatigantem de profectione, simul et invisum et offensum,
id. ib. 73, 2:
Marius hortandi causa, simul et nobilitatem exagitandi, contionem advocavit,
id. ib. 84, 5:
milites modesto imperio habiti, simul et locupletes,
id. ib. 92, 2:
Perseus cum adventu consulis, simul et veris principio strepere omnia cerneret,
Liv. 44, 34 fin.; cf. Hor. C. 1, 20, 6.—
(β).
Simulque (rare):
ut (materia) fragilis incumberet, simulque terra umore diluta,
Curt. 8, 10, 25.—
(γ).
Simul, without any conjunction (so in Cic., but only poet.):
Neptuno grates habeo et tempestatibus, semul Mercurio qui, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 3:
Electra Stereopeque, simul sanctissima Maja,
Cic. Arat. 270 (36):
inter solis iter, simul inter flamina venti,
id. ib. 342 (101):
ambiguus consilii, num Dyrrhachium pedite atque equite, simul longis navibus mare clauderet,
Tac. H. 2, 83. —
e.
Inserted in the last term ( poet.):
memor Actae non alio rege puertiae, Mutataeque simul togae,
Hor. C. 1, 36, 9;
interea Maecenas advenit atque Coccejus, Capitoque simul Fontejus,
id. S. 1, 5, 32.—
2.
Referring to two or more co-ordinate clauses or sentences.
a.
Et simul or simulque:
contundam facta Talthybi, contem namque omnes nuntios, semulque cursuram meditabor ad ludos Olympios,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 34:
eamus, et de istac simul consilium volo capere una tecum,
i. e. while going, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 65:
quod... et simul quia,
Lucr. 5, 1181:
ratio Ecquaenam fuerit origo... et simul ecquae sit finis, etc.,
id. 5, 1213:
sed iidem illi ita mecum loquuntur... et simul admonent quiddam quod cavebimus, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 1, 11, 28:
ex tuis litteris cognovi festinationem tuam, et simul sum admiratus cur, etc.,
id. Fam. 7, 8, 1:
emergit Nixi caput, et simul effert sese clara Fides et, etc.,
id. Arat. 713 (460):
postquam Rutilium consedisse accepit, simulque ex Jugurthae proelio clamorem augeri,
Sall. J. 52, 6:
equites ex equis desiliunt, simulque et hosti se opponunt, et animos peditum accendunt,
Liv. 3, 62, 8:
tum rigere omnibus corpora... et simul lassitudine et... fame etiam deficere,
id. 21, 54, 9; 41, 3; Cic. Arat. 504 (259); 545 (299); Curt. 4, 2, 21; Quint. 2, 5, 13.—
b.
Simul with autem or enim, introducing the second sentence:
salve! simul autem vale!
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1: augeamus sane suspicionem tuam;
simul enim augebimus diligentiam,
Cic. Marc. 7, 22.—
c.
Simul preceding co-ordinate sentences, generally connected by et... et, but also by a single copulative conjunction:
simul enim et rei publicae consules, et propones ei exempla ad imitandum,
Cic. Phil. 10, 2, 5:
illa autem altera ratio quae simul et opinionem falsam tollit, et aegritudinem detrahit,
id. Tusc. 4, 28, 60:
simul et inopiam frumenti lenire, et ignaris omnibus parare,
Sall. J. 91, 1:
nullus portus erat qui simul et omnis onerarias caperet, et tecta legionibus praeberet,
Liv. 32, 18, 3:
simul et cohors invasit, et ex omnibus oppidi partibus... concurrerunt,
id. 32, 24, 3: simul Metelli imagines dereptae, et missi qui Antonio nuntiarent. Tac. H. 3, 13; cf. Suet. Caes. 57.—
3.
Referring to co-ordinate clauses introduced by subordinating conjunctions:
Mnesilochum ut requiram atque ut eum mecum ad te adducam semul,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 2:
tantum faciam ut notam apponam... et simul significem, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 6, 2:
quod eo liberius ad te seribo, quia nostrae laudi favisti, simulque quod video non novitati esse invisum meae,
id. ib. 1, 7, 8; 7, 10, 3.—If used in connecting dependent clauses, simul often stands for a co-ordinating conjunction; v. VI. infra.
V.
Introducing an independent sentence, at the same time, also, likewise (cf.: itaque, igitur, deinde, tum, etc.).
1.
Simul alone:
ego Tiresiam consulam quid faciundum censeat: semul hanc rem ut facta est eloquar,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 77:
sequimini! simul circumspicite ne quis adsit arbiter,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 1:
alterum ipse efficiam ut attente audiatis. Simul illud oro: si, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10:
hoc proprium virtutis existimant... simul hoc se fore tutiores arbitrantur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 23:
Valerio Samnitium legiones occurrunt... simul in Campanos stimulabat ira,
Liv. 7, 32, 3:
tibi (Apollo) decimam partem praedae voveo. Te simul, Juno, precor ut, etc.,
id. 5, 21, 3.—
2.
More freq. simul et (= etiam):
quia videbitur Magis verisimile id esse... simul et conficiam facilius ego quod volo,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 55:
nolite committere ut in re tam inveterata quidquam novi sentiatis. Simul et illa omnia ante oculos vestros proponite, etc.,
Cic. Balb. 28, 65:
demonstravi haec Caecilio. Simul et illud ostendi, me ei satisfacturum,
id. Att. 1, 1, 4:
legati jam reverterant... simul venerant et ab rege Perseo oratores qui, etc.,
Liv. 41, 19 med.:
ipse ad Sycurium progressus, opperiri ibi hostium adventum statuit. Simul et frumentari passim exercitum jubet,
id. 42, 54 fin.; cf. Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 14; Cic. Or. 2, 85, 349; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 12, § 34; id. Prov. Cons. 15, 36; id. Balb. 25, 56; id. Arat. 618 (372); 628 (382); 707 (454); 721 (468); Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 6, 8; Sall. C. 30, 2; id. J. 100, 3; Liv. 8, 9, 13; 8, 32, 5; 10, 3, 2; 40, 32; 4, 49, 3; Tac. H. 1, 1; 1, 52; 2, 53; 3, 15; 3, 18; 3, 20; 3, 29; 3, 42; 3, 82.
VI.
Simul itself stands as co-ordinating conjunction, to connect dependent clauses represented as contemporaneous, and at the same time, and also (not ante-class.; rare in Cic.;
freq. in the histt.): ei Verres possessionem negat se daturum, ne posset patronum suum juvare, simul ut esset poena quod, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 124:
omnes vocat ad diripiendos Eburones, ut potius Gallorum vita quam legionarius miles periclitetur, simul ut... pro tali facinore stirps et nomen civitatis tollatur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 34: quippe foedum hominem a republica procul esse volebat;
simul quia boni complures praesidium in eo putabant,
Sall. C. 19, 2:
cujus de virtute, quia multi dixere, praetereundum puto, simul ne per insolentiam quis existumet memet studium meum laudando extollere,
id. J. 4, 2:
nihil horum... discere cum cerneret posse, simul et tirocinio et perturbatione juvenis moveretur, etc.,
Liv. 39, 47:
a sermone Graeco puerum incipere malo, quia Latinum vel nobis nolentibus perhibet, simul quia disciplinis quoque Graecis prius instruendus est,
Quint. 1, 1, 12; Sall. J. 20, 1; Liv. 39, 33, 1; 8, 6, 11; Caes. B. C. 43, 2; Sall. C. 20, 3; 56, 5; Liv. 3, 50, 10; 40, 36 init.; Tac. H. 1, [p. 1704] 70;
2, 15.—So, connecting participial expressions or adverbial phrases with dependent clauses: his amicis confisus Catilina, simul quod aes alienum ingens erat, et quod... opprimendae reipublicae consilium cepit,
Sall. C. 16, 4:
hi, quod res in invidia erat, simul et ab Numidis obsecrati,
id. J. 25, 5:
ob eam iram, simul ut praeda militem aleret, duo milia peditum... populari agrum jussit,
Liv. 21, 52, 5; 3, 66, 3:
equites praemisit speculatum, simul ut ignem exstinguerent,
Curt. 4, 10, 11:
Otho, quamquam turbidis rebus, etc., simul reputans non posse, etc.,
Tac. H. 1, 83 init.:
committere igitur eum (locum) non fidelissimis sociis noluit, simul quod ab illa parte urbis navibus aditus ex alto est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 32, § 84; Liv. 9, 2, 5; Tac. H. 1, 70 fin.; 2, 28; 2, 30.
VII.
Simul. as co-ordinating conjunction, is frequently placed before each of the co-ordinate terms (simul... simul = hama men... hama de), partly... partly; not only... but at the same time (not anteAug.).
1.
With independent clauses:
simul castra oppugnabantur, simul pars exercitus ad populandum agrum Romanum missa,
Liv. 3, 5, 2:
accolas Hannibal simul perlicit ad naves fabricandas, simul et ipsi traici exercitum cupiebant,
id. 21, 26, 7:
ab his simul custodes trucidari coepti, simul datum signum armatis ut ex insidiis concurrerent,
id. 9, 25, 8:
simul gratias agit, simul gratulatur quod, etc.,
Curt. 6, 7, 15; cf. Verg. A. 1, 631 sq.; 2, 220 sqq.; 12, 268; Liv. 1, 9, 5.—
2.
With dependent clauses:
venit ad quaerendum, simul quod non deducerent praesidia, simul quod in Bithyniam auxilia missi forent,
Liv. 39, 46 fin.:
Perseus cum audisset, simul Meliboeam a consulis exercitu oppugnari, simul classem Iolci stare,
id. 44, 13 init.:
consul ad Phylan ducit, simul ut praesidium firmaret, simul ut militi frumentum divideret,
id. 44, 8, 1:
simul questi... simul nuntiantes,
id. 42, 46:
plus quam imponebatur oneris recepi, simul ut pleniore obsequio demererer amantissimos mei, simul ne... alienis vestigiis insisterem, Quint. prooem. 3.—Rarely connecting a dependent clause with an independent sentence: Athenas ierant, simul ut pro legatione praemio esset honos, simul peritos legum peregrinarum ad condenda nova jura usui fore credebant,
Liv. 3, 35, 5; cf. Verg. A. 12, 758.—
3.
Co-ordinating dependent clauses with adverbial phrases:
Germani frequenter in castra venerunt, simul sui purgandi causa, simul ut de induciis impetrarent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 13:
Philippus, simul ne ocio miles deterior fieret, simul avertendae suspicionis causa... in Maedicam ducere pergit,
Liv. 40, 21, 1. —
4.
Connecting single nouns or phrases belonging to the same predicate:
cum simul fragor rupti pontis, simul clamor Romanorum impetum sustinuit,
Liv. 2, 10, 10:
ad se simul legatos, simul milites missos,
id. 42, 52 med.:
et Romae simul dilectu, simul tributo conferendo laboratum est,
id. 5, 10, 3:
increpando simul temeritatem, simul ignaviam,
id. 2, 65, 4:
tum vero si mul ab hostibus, simul ab iniquitate loco rum Poeni oppugnabantur,
id. 21, 33, 5:
inter simul complorationem feminarum, simul nefandam caedem,
id. 41, 11:
simul a mari, simul a terra ingredienti,
id. 44, 12 med.; cf. Tac. A. 1, 49; 14, 40; id. Agr. 25; 36; 41; Verg. G. 3, 201; id. A. 1, 513; Hor. S. 2, 2, 73.
VIII.
Simul, in connection with ac, atque (also written in one word,
sĭmŭlac
, sĭmŭlatque), rarely with ut, and very rarely with et, is used as subordinating, temporal conjunction, as soon as. For simulac, etc., simul alone is freq.
1.
Simul ac: simul ac lacrimas de ore noegeo (i. e. candido) detersit, Liv. And. ap. Fest. p. 174 Mull.:
Demenaetum simul ac conspexero hodie,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 73:
non simul ac se ipse commovit, sensit quid intersit,
Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:
si simul ac procul conspexit armatos, recessisset,
id. Caecil. 16, 46:
dicebam, simul ac timere desisses, similem te futurum tui,
id. Phil. 2, 35, 89:
Alcibiades, simul ac se remiserat, dissolutus reperiebatur,
Nep. Alcib. 1. 4:
at mihi plaudo Ipse domi, simul ac nummos contemplor in arca,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 67; cf. Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 108; id. Fam. 15, 16, 2; id. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 46; id. Or. 2, 27, 117; Verg. A. 4, 90; 12, 222; Ov. M. 2, 167; Hor. S. 1, 2, 33; 1, 4, 119; 1, 8, 21.—Strengthened by primum (= ut primum):
simul ac primum ei occasio visa est, quaestor consulem deseruit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34; so id. ib. 2, 1, 52, § 138; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; Suet. Caes. 30; id. Ner. 43.—
2.
Simul atque:
L. Clodius, simul atque introductus est, rem conficit,
Cic. Clu. 14, 40:
simul atque increpuit suspicio tumultus, artes ilico nostrae conticescunt,
id. Mur. 10, 22:
simul atque audivit ejus interitum, suo Marte res suas recuperavit,
id. Phil. 2, 37, 95:
simul atque enim se infiexit hic rex in dominatum injustiorem, fit continuo tyrannus,
id. Rep. 2, 26, 49:
simul atque sibi hic adnuisset, numeraturum se dicebat,
id. Quint. 5, 18:
qui, simul atque in oppidum venerat, inmittebantur illi continuo Cibyratici canes,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 47:
simul atque de Caesaris adventu cognitum est,
Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; cf. Cic. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 8, 10, 31; Suet. Caes. 29; id. Galb. 7.—
3.
Simul ut (v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33):
simul ut experrecti sumus, visa illa contemnimus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:
simul ut accepi a Seleuco litteras tuas, statim quaesivi, etc.,
id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:
nostros omnia consequi potuisse, simul ut velle coepissent,
id. Tusc. 4, 2, 5; id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 3 (6, 2):
simul ut, qui sint professi, videro, dicam,
id. Planc. 6, 14; id. Att. 10, 4, 12:
nam simul ut supero se totum lumine Cancer extulit, extemplo cedit delapsa Corona,
id. Arat. 596 (349).—
4.
Simul et:
simul et quid erit certi, scribam ad te,
Cic. Att. 2, 20, 2:
ego ad te statim habebo quod scribam, simul et videro Curionem,
id. ib. 10, 4, 12:
quam accepi simul et in Cumanum veni,
id. ib. 10, 16, 4; 16, 11, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3. In all these passages the Cod. Med. has simul et, which the editors variously changed into simulatque, simulac, simul ut, simul; so,
omne animal simul et ortum est, se ipsum diligit,
Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33, where the vulg. has simul ut, and Madv. reads simul [et] ortum.—
5.
Simul ubi:
quod simul ubi conspexit, equites emisit,
Liv. 4, 18, 7 dub. Weissenb. ad loc.—
6.
Simul alone, = simul atque:
simul herbae inceperint nasci,
Cato, R. R. 48:
hic simul argentum repperit, cura sese expedivit,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 4: simul limen intrabo, illi extrabunt illico, Afran. ap. Non. 104, 21 (Com. Rel. v. 5 Rib.):
simul inflavit tibicen, a perito carmen agnoscitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 86:
nostri, simul in arido constiterunt, in hostes impetum fecerunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:
simul increpuere arma, hostis pedem rettulit,
Liv. 6, 24, 1; cf. Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 12; id. Fin. 3, 6, 21; id. Arat. 594 (349); Caes. B. C. 1, 30, 3; Liv. 3, 62, 6; 4, 18, 6; 4, 31, 5; 4, 32, 6; 5, 25, 11; 8, 32, 2; 21, 55, 9; 44, 8 med.; 44, 19; 44, 44 fin.; Curt. 3, 11, 4; Phaedr. 3, 16, 16; Hor. C. 1, 12, 27; 3, 4, 37; Verg. G. 4, 232; Ov. F. 1, 567.—Strengthened by primum:
simul primum magistratio abiit, dicta dies est,
Liv. 6, 1, 6:
simul primum anni tempus navigabile praebuisset mare,
id. 35, 44, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; Suet. Caes. 30.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > semol
17 semul

sĭmŭl (ante-class. also sĕmŭl, Plaut. Trin. prol. p. 97 Ritschl; v. infra; and sĕmŏl, C. I. L. 1175 fin.; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 96; cf. also simitu. The final l of simul was scarcely pronounced in the vulg. lang., and in comic poetry does not make position with an initial consonant following; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 643 sq.; Lorenz ad Plaut. Ps. 567), adv. [Sanscr. sama-; Gr. hama, homos]; cf. semel, = eodem tempore, una, at the same time, together, at once, as soon as.
I.
Referring, as temporal adverb, to plural nouns of the same sentence, and representing persons or things as acting, happening, etc., simultaneously.
1.
After a plural subject:
hunc ambo in saxo semul sedent ejecti,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 72:
multa concurrunt simul,
Ter. And. 3, 2, 31:
(duo homines) simul cenare voluerunt,
Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14:
Zmyrnae cum simul essemus compluris dies,
id. Rep. 1, 8, 13:
tres simul soles effulserunt,
Liv. 41, 21 fin.:
tria simul agmina populabantur Indos,
Curt. 9, 10, 7:
duo simul hujusmodi personae Ciceroni obstiterunt,
Quint. 11, 1, 69:
Othonem multa simul exstimulabant,
Tac. H. 1, 21; Cic. Fam. 9, 1, 2; id. Att. 5, 10, 5; Liv. 21, 33, 3; 41, 2 init.; Curt. 4, 15, 22.—Sometimes the logical subject is understood:
multos modios salis simul (i. e. amicis) edendos esse,
Cic. Lael. 19, 67.—Sometimes both the subject and predicate are understood:
quare si simul (i. e. nos agere) placebit,
Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 2.—
2.
With a plur. object:
(Alcumena) uno partu duos peperit semul,
Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 8:
duas res simul nunc agere decretum'st mihi,
Plaut. Merc. prol. 1:
si duos consules simul ex Italia ejectos... res publica tenere potuisset,
Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:
ambo cum simul conspicimus,
Liv. 40, 46 init.:
simul omnibus portis erupit,
id. 40, 48 fin.; cf. Auct. Her. 3, 12, 22; Liv. 8, 37, 5; 21, 60; 40, 30; 42, 7; Curt. 5, 9, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 76; 10, 3, 23; 10, 7, 16.—So with singular implying a plural:
tota (urbs) simul exsurgere aedificiis coepit,
Liv. 6, 4, 6:
totam simul causam ponit ante oculos,
Quint. 6, 1, 1.—After an adverb. implying a plural noun:
igitur undique simul (i. e. ex omnibus locis simul) speculatores citi sese ostendunt,
Sall. J. 101, 1.—
3.
Referring [p. 1703] to plural attributes:
omnium simul rerum... discrimine proposito,
Liv. 6, 35, 6:
multarum simul civitatium legati Romam convenerunt,
id. 43, 6, 1.—
4.
Referring to an attributive participle understood:
multitudo plurium simul gentium (= simul eodem loco versantium),
Liv. 44, 45:
trium simul bellorum victor (= eodem tempore gestorum),
id. 6, 4, 1:
inter duo simul bella,
id. 7, 27, 7:
tot simul malis victi,
Curt. 4, 4, 12.
II.
Referring to nouns, etc., connected by the preposition cum: simul cum = una cum (v. una, s. v. unus), together with:
novi (illum) cum Calcha semul,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 48:
jube in urbem veniat jam tecum semul,
id. Most. 4, 2, 26:
qui ipsus equidem nunc primum istanc tecum conspicio semul?
id. Am. 2, 2, 122:
me misisti ad portum cum luci semul,
id. Stich. 2, 2, 40:
quae (amicitia) incepta a parvis cum aetate adcrevit simul,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 7:
simul consilium cum re amisti?
id. Eun. 2, 2, 10:
Critolaum simul cum Diogene venisse commemoras,
Cic. Or. 2, 38, 100:
Hortensius tecum simul pro Appio Claudio dixit,
id. Brut. 64, 230:
cum corporibus simul animos interire,
id. Lael. 4, 13:
vobiscum simul considerantis,
id. Rep. 1, 46, 70:
testamentum Cyri simul obsignavi cum Clodio,
id. Mil. 18, 48:
simul cum lege Aelia magistratum iniit,
id. Att. 1, 16, 13:
simul cum lumine pandit,
id. Arat. 704 (452):
simul cum moribus immutatur fortuna,
Sall. C. 2, 5:
cum anima simul,
id. ib. 33, 4:
simul cum occasu solis,
id. J. 91, 2:
simul cum dono designavit templi finis,
Liv. 1, 10, 5:
si (dictator) se (Fabium) simul cum gloria rei gestae extinxisset,
id. 8, 31, 7:
ut cresceret simul et neglegentia cum audacia hosti,
id. 31, 36, 7; cf. Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 136; id. Aul. 4, 4, 28; id. Bacch. 4, 1, 5; id. Cist. 4, 2, 105; id. Ep. 1, 1, 39; id. Men. prol. 27; 2, 3, 54; 5, 1, 36; id. Merc. 2, 1, 31; id. Most. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 13; id. Tusc. 3, 18, 40; id. de Or. 2, 33, 142; 3, 3, 10; id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Sest. 22, 50; id. Fam. 15, 4, 8; Liv. 1, 31, 3; Nep. 3, 2; 11, 3; 18, 3; 23, 6; Quint. 11, 3, 65; Hor. Epod. 1, 8; id. S. 1, 1, 58.—Strengthened by una:
quippe omnes semul didicimus tecum una,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 50; cf. id. Most. 4, 3, 43.—With ellipsis of mecum:
qui scribis morderi te interdum quod non simul sis,
Cic. Att. 6, 2, 8.—Freq. cum eo (eis, etc.) must be supplied after simul, likewise, together with him, them, etc.:
in vigiliam quando ibat miles, tum tu ibas semul (i. e. cum eo)?
Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 86:
cum simul P. Rutilius venisset,
Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17:
hos qui simul erant missi, fallere,
id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:
prae metu ne simul (i. e. cum iis) Romanus irrumperet,
Liv. 5, 13, 13:
extra turbam ordinem conlocuntur semul (i. e. inter se),
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 180; Cic. Pis. 34, 84; Liv. 6, 11, 5; Curt. 8, 13, 3.—Simul with abl. alone = cum with abl. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. Gr. hama with dat.):
simul his,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 86:
quippe simul nobis habitat,
Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 29:
his simul,
Sil. 3, 268:
Magnetibus simul transmissi,
Tac. A. 4, 55:
quindecimviri septemviris simul,
id. ib. 3, 64; cf. id. ib. 6, 9; Sil. 5, 418; Sen. Troad. 1049.
III.
Referring to a preceding adverb. clause, at the same time, i.e. as that of the action described:
juris ubi dicitur dies, simul patronis dicitur,
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 17:
quamquam ego vinum bibo, at mandata hau consuevi semul bibere una (= bibere quom vinum bibo, una cum vino),
id. Pers. 2, 1, 3:
quando nihil sit (quod det), semul amare desinat,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 73 Fleck.:
ubi res prolatae sunt, quom rus homines eunt, semul prolatae res sunt nostris dentibus,
id. Capt. 1, 1, 10; id. Ps. 4, 7, 84; cf.:
domum numquam introibis, nisi feres pallam simul (i. e. cum introibis),
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 104.
IV.
Referring to two or more co-ordinate terms or facts representing these as simultaneous, and at the same time, and also, both... and ( at once), together.
1.
Referring to co-ordinate terms of the same sentence.
a.
Simul preceding all the coordinate terms which are connected by et, ac, atque, que, or by et... et (freq. in the histt.):
semul flere sorbereque haud facile est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 104:
Q. Hortensi ingenium simul aspectum et probatum est,
Cic. Brut. 64, 228: Bomilcar, simul cupidus incepta patrandi, et timore socii anxius, Sall. J. 70, 5:
dicenti lacrimae simul spiritum et vocem intercluserunt,
Liv. 40, 16 init.:
quae simul auxilio tribunicio et consensu plebis impediri coepta,
id. 6, 27, 9:
Lycios sub Rhodiorum simul imperio et tutela esse,
id. 41, 6 fin.:
Priverni qui simul a Fundanis ac Romanis defecerunt,
id. 8, 19, 11:
simul divinae humanaeque spei pleni pugnam poscunt,
id. 10, 40, 1:
eximio simul honoribus atque virtutibus,
id. 6, 11, 3:
obruit animum simul luctus metusque,
id. 42, 28; 5, 26, 10; Val. Max. 5, 2, 6:
simul ipsum Vitellium contemnebant metuebantque,
Tac. H. 2, 92; cf. Liv. 3, 38, 12; 3, 50, 12; 5, 7, 3; 6, 18, 5; 6, 33, 9; 6, 40, 4; 9, 12, 4; 27, 51, 12; Caes. B. G. 7, 48; Curt. 5, 4, 30; Sen. Q. N. 2, 54, 2.—So with three or more co-ordinate terms, either all connected by et, Caes. B. G. 4, 24, 2; Quint. 1, 12, 3; 10, 7, 23;
or asyndetic: nunc simul res, fides, fama, virtus, decus deseruerunt,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 60.—
b.
Simul after all the coordinate terms (mostly ante-class.):
nunc operam potestis ambo mihi dare et vobis simul,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 40:
faxo et operam et vinum perdiderit simul,
id. Aul. 3, 6, 42:
ut si quis sacrilegii et homicidii simul accusetur,
Quint. 12, 1, 4; cf. Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 92; id. Men. 3, 3, 16; Mart. 11, 58, 10.—
c.
Simul after the first of the co-ordinate terms (so not in Cic.):
convenit regnum simul atque locos ut haberet,
Naev. Bell. Pun. 1, 6, fr. 3:
oculis simul ac mente turbatum,
Liv. 7, 26, 5:
quod ubi auditum simul visumque est,
id. 8, 39, 7:
pulvere simul ac sudore perfusum,
Curt. 3, 5, 2:
terrestri simul navalique clade,
id. 4, 3, 14:
vota nuncupabantur simul et solvebantur,
Val. Max. 6, 9, ext. 5:
qui ima simul ac summa foveret aequaliter,
Sen. Ep. 90, 25; cf. Liv. 4, 32, 12; Curt. 3, 8, 23; 6, 5, 19; 8, 5, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 30.—In post-Aug. prose without any temporal idea, = as well as:
populi Romani facta simul ac dicta memoratu digna... deligere constitui,
Val. Max. 1 prol.; so id. 1, 1, 9.—
d.
Placed before the last term.
(α).
Simul et (= simul etiam), and at the same time, and also:
Jugurtha, postquam oppidum Capsam aliosque locos munitos, simul et magnam pecuniam amiserat,
Sall. J. 97, 1:
Marium fatigantem de profectione, simul et invisum et offensum,
id. ib. 73, 2:
Marius hortandi causa, simul et nobilitatem exagitandi, contionem advocavit,
id. ib. 84, 5:
milites modesto imperio habiti, simul et locupletes,
id. ib. 92, 2:
Perseus cum adventu consulis, simul et veris principio strepere omnia cerneret,
Liv. 44, 34 fin.; cf. Hor. C. 1, 20, 6.—
(β).
Simulque (rare):
ut (materia) fragilis incumberet, simulque terra umore diluta,
Curt. 8, 10, 25.—
(γ).
Simul, without any conjunction (so in Cic., but only poet.):
Neptuno grates habeo et tempestatibus, semul Mercurio qui, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 3:
Electra Stereopeque, simul sanctissima Maja,
Cic. Arat. 270 (36):
inter solis iter, simul inter flamina venti,
id. ib. 342 (101):
ambiguus consilii, num Dyrrhachium pedite atque equite, simul longis navibus mare clauderet,
Tac. H. 2, 83. —
e.
Inserted in the last term ( poet.):
memor Actae non alio rege puertiae, Mutataeque simul togae,
Hor. C. 1, 36, 9;
interea Maecenas advenit atque Coccejus, Capitoque simul Fontejus,
id. S. 1, 5, 32.—
2.
Referring to two or more co-ordinate clauses or sentences.
a.
Et simul or simulque:
contundam facta Talthybi, contem namque omnes nuntios, semulque cursuram meditabor ad ludos Olympios,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 34:
eamus, et de istac simul consilium volo capere una tecum,
i. e. while going, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 65:
quod... et simul quia,
Lucr. 5, 1181:
ratio Ecquaenam fuerit origo... et simul ecquae sit finis, etc.,
id. 5, 1213:
sed iidem illi ita mecum loquuntur... et simul admonent quiddam quod cavebimus, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 1, 11, 28:
ex tuis litteris cognovi festinationem tuam, et simul sum admiratus cur, etc.,
id. Fam. 7, 8, 1:
emergit Nixi caput, et simul effert sese clara Fides et, etc.,
id. Arat. 713 (460):
postquam Rutilium consedisse accepit, simulque ex Jugurthae proelio clamorem augeri,
Sall. J. 52, 6:
equites ex equis desiliunt, simulque et hosti se opponunt, et animos peditum accendunt,
Liv. 3, 62, 8:
tum rigere omnibus corpora... et simul lassitudine et... fame etiam deficere,
id. 21, 54, 9; 41, 3; Cic. Arat. 504 (259); 545 (299); Curt. 4, 2, 21; Quint. 2, 5, 13.—
b.
Simul with autem or enim, introducing the second sentence:
salve! simul autem vale!
Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1: augeamus sane suspicionem tuam;
simul enim augebimus diligentiam,
Cic. Marc. 7, 22.—
c.
Simul preceding co-ordinate sentences, generally connected by et... et, but also by a single copulative conjunction:
simul enim et rei publicae consules, et propones ei exempla ad imitandum,
Cic. Phil. 10, 2, 5:
illa autem altera ratio quae simul et opinionem falsam tollit, et aegritudinem detrahit,
id. Tusc. 4, 28, 60:
simul et inopiam frumenti lenire, et ignaris omnibus parare,
Sall. J. 91, 1:
nullus portus erat qui simul et omnis onerarias caperet, et tecta legionibus praeberet,
Liv. 32, 18, 3:
simul et cohors invasit, et ex omnibus oppidi partibus... concurrerunt,
id. 32, 24, 3: simul Metelli imagines dereptae, et missi qui Antonio nuntiarent. Tac. H. 3, 13; cf. Suet. Caes. 57.—
3.
Referring to co-ordinate clauses introduced by subordinating conjunctions:
Mnesilochum ut requiram atque ut eum mecum ad te adducam semul,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 2:
tantum faciam ut notam apponam... et simul significem, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 6, 2:
quod eo liberius ad te seribo, quia nostrae laudi favisti, simulque quod video non novitati esse invisum meae,
id. ib. 1, 7, 8; 7, 10, 3.—If used in connecting dependent clauses, simul often stands for a co-ordinating conjunction; v. VI. infra.
V.
Introducing an independent sentence, at the same time, also, likewise (cf.: itaque, igitur, deinde, tum, etc.).
1.
Simul alone:
ego Tiresiam consulam quid faciundum censeat: semul hanc rem ut facta est eloquar,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 77:
sequimini! simul circumspicite ne quis adsit arbiter,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 1:
alterum ipse efficiam ut attente audiatis. Simul illud oro: si, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10:
hoc proprium virtutis existimant... simul hoc se fore tutiores arbitrantur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 23:
Valerio Samnitium legiones occurrunt... simul in Campanos stimulabat ira,
Liv. 7, 32, 3:
tibi (Apollo) decimam partem praedae voveo. Te simul, Juno, precor ut, etc.,
id. 5, 21, 3.—
2.
More freq. simul et (= etiam):
quia videbitur Magis verisimile id esse... simul et conficiam facilius ego quod volo,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 55:
nolite committere ut in re tam inveterata quidquam novi sentiatis. Simul et illa omnia ante oculos vestros proponite, etc.,
Cic. Balb. 28, 65:
demonstravi haec Caecilio. Simul et illud ostendi, me ei satisfacturum,
id. Att. 1, 1, 4:
legati jam reverterant... simul venerant et ab rege Perseo oratores qui, etc.,
Liv. 41, 19 med.:
ipse ad Sycurium progressus, opperiri ibi hostium adventum statuit. Simul et frumentari passim exercitum jubet,
id. 42, 54 fin.; cf. Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 14; Cic. Or. 2, 85, 349; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 12, § 34; id. Prov. Cons. 15, 36; id. Balb. 25, 56; id. Arat. 618 (372); 628 (382); 707 (454); 721 (468); Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 6, 8; Sall. C. 30, 2; id. J. 100, 3; Liv. 8, 9, 13; 8, 32, 5; 10, 3, 2; 40, 32; 4, 49, 3; Tac. H. 1, 1; 1, 52; 2, 53; 3, 15; 3, 18; 3, 20; 3, 29; 3, 42; 3, 82.
VI.
Simul itself stands as co-ordinating conjunction, to connect dependent clauses represented as contemporaneous, and at the same time, and also (not ante-class.; rare in Cic.;
freq. in the histt.): ei Verres possessionem negat se daturum, ne posset patronum suum juvare, simul ut esset poena quod, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 124:
omnes vocat ad diripiendos Eburones, ut potius Gallorum vita quam legionarius miles periclitetur, simul ut... pro tali facinore stirps et nomen civitatis tollatur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 34: quippe foedum hominem a republica procul esse volebat;
simul quia boni complures praesidium in eo putabant,
Sall. C. 19, 2:
cujus de virtute, quia multi dixere, praetereundum puto, simul ne per insolentiam quis existumet memet studium meum laudando extollere,
id. J. 4, 2:
nihil horum... discere cum cerneret posse, simul et tirocinio et perturbatione juvenis moveretur, etc.,
Liv. 39, 47:
a sermone Graeco puerum incipere malo, quia Latinum vel nobis nolentibus perhibet, simul quia disciplinis quoque Graecis prius instruendus est,
Quint. 1, 1, 12; Sall. J. 20, 1; Liv. 39, 33, 1; 8, 6, 11; Caes. B. C. 43, 2; Sall. C. 20, 3; 56, 5; Liv. 3, 50, 10; 40, 36 init.; Tac. H. 1, [p. 1704] 70;
2, 15.—So, connecting participial expressions or adverbial phrases with dependent clauses: his amicis confisus Catilina, simul quod aes alienum ingens erat, et quod... opprimendae reipublicae consilium cepit,
Sall. C. 16, 4:
hi, quod res in invidia erat, simul et ab Numidis obsecrati,
id. J. 25, 5:
ob eam iram, simul ut praeda militem aleret, duo milia peditum... populari agrum jussit,
Liv. 21, 52, 5; 3, 66, 3:
equites praemisit speculatum, simul ut ignem exstinguerent,
Curt. 4, 10, 11:
Otho, quamquam turbidis rebus, etc., simul reputans non posse, etc.,
Tac. H. 1, 83 init.:
committere igitur eum (locum) non fidelissimis sociis noluit, simul quod ab illa parte urbis navibus aditus ex alto est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 32, § 84; Liv. 9, 2, 5; Tac. H. 1, 70 fin.; 2, 28; 2, 30.
VII.
Simul. as co-ordinating conjunction, is frequently placed before each of the co-ordinate terms (simul... simul = hama men... hama de), partly... partly; not only... but at the same time (not anteAug.).
1.
With independent clauses:
simul castra oppugnabantur, simul pars exercitus ad populandum agrum Romanum missa,
Liv. 3, 5, 2:
accolas Hannibal simul perlicit ad naves fabricandas, simul et ipsi traici exercitum cupiebant,
id. 21, 26, 7:
ab his simul custodes trucidari coepti, simul datum signum armatis ut ex insidiis concurrerent,
id. 9, 25, 8:
simul gratias agit, simul gratulatur quod, etc.,
Curt. 6, 7, 15; cf. Verg. A. 1, 631 sq.; 2, 220 sqq.; 12, 268; Liv. 1, 9, 5.—
2.
With dependent clauses:
venit ad quaerendum, simul quod non deducerent praesidia, simul quod in Bithyniam auxilia missi forent,
Liv. 39, 46 fin.:
Perseus cum audisset, simul Meliboeam a consulis exercitu oppugnari, simul classem Iolci stare,
id. 44, 13 init.:
consul ad Phylan ducit, simul ut praesidium firmaret, simul ut militi frumentum divideret,
id. 44, 8, 1:
simul questi... simul nuntiantes,
id. 42, 46:
plus quam imponebatur oneris recepi, simul ut pleniore obsequio demererer amantissimos mei, simul ne... alienis vestigiis insisterem, Quint. prooem. 3.—Rarely connecting a dependent clause with an independent sentence: Athenas ierant, simul ut pro legatione praemio esset honos, simul peritos legum peregrinarum ad condenda nova jura usui fore credebant,
Liv. 3, 35, 5; cf. Verg. A. 12, 758.—
3.
Co-ordinating dependent clauses with adverbial phrases:
Germani frequenter in castra venerunt, simul sui purgandi causa, simul ut de induciis impetrarent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 13:
Philippus, simul ne ocio miles deterior fieret, simul avertendae suspicionis causa... in Maedicam ducere pergit,
Liv. 40, 21, 1. —
4.
Connecting single nouns or phrases belonging to the same predicate:
cum simul fragor rupti pontis, simul clamor Romanorum impetum sustinuit,
Liv. 2, 10, 10:
ad se simul legatos, simul milites missos,
id. 42, 52 med.:
et Romae simul dilectu, simul tributo conferendo laboratum est,
id. 5, 10, 3:
increpando simul temeritatem, simul ignaviam,
id. 2, 65, 4:
tum vero si mul ab hostibus, simul ab iniquitate loco rum Poeni oppugnabantur,
id. 21, 33, 5:
inter simul complorationem feminarum, simul nefandam caedem,
id. 41, 11:
simul a mari, simul a terra ingredienti,
id. 44, 12 med.; cf. Tac. A. 1, 49; 14, 40; id. Agr. 25; 36; 41; Verg. G. 3, 201; id. A. 1, 513; Hor. S. 2, 2, 73.
VIII.
Simul, in connection with ac, atque (also written in one word,
sĭmŭlac
, sĭmŭlatque), rarely with ut, and very rarely with et, is used as subordinating, temporal conjunction, as soon as. For simulac, etc., simul alone is freq.
1.
Simul ac: simul ac lacrimas de ore noegeo (i. e. candido) detersit, Liv. And. ap. Fest. p. 174 Mull.:
Demenaetum simul ac conspexero hodie,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 73:
non simul ac se ipse commovit, sensit quid intersit,
Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:
si simul ac procul conspexit armatos, recessisset,
id. Caecil. 16, 46:
dicebam, simul ac timere desisses, similem te futurum tui,
id. Phil. 2, 35, 89:
Alcibiades, simul ac se remiserat, dissolutus reperiebatur,
Nep. Alcib. 1. 4:
at mihi plaudo Ipse domi, simul ac nummos contemplor in arca,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 67; cf. Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 108; id. Fam. 15, 16, 2; id. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 46; id. Or. 2, 27, 117; Verg. A. 4, 90; 12, 222; Ov. M. 2, 167; Hor. S. 1, 2, 33; 1, 4, 119; 1, 8, 21.—Strengthened by primum (= ut primum):
simul ac primum ei occasio visa est, quaestor consulem deseruit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34; so id. ib. 2, 1, 52, § 138; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; Suet. Caes. 30; id. Ner. 43.—
2.
Simul atque:
L. Clodius, simul atque introductus est, rem conficit,
Cic. Clu. 14, 40:
simul atque increpuit suspicio tumultus, artes ilico nostrae conticescunt,
id. Mur. 10, 22:
simul atque audivit ejus interitum, suo Marte res suas recuperavit,
id. Phil. 2, 37, 95:
simul atque enim se infiexit hic rex in dominatum injustiorem, fit continuo tyrannus,
id. Rep. 2, 26, 49:
simul atque sibi hic adnuisset, numeraturum se dicebat,
id. Quint. 5, 18:
qui, simul atque in oppidum venerat, inmittebantur illi continuo Cibyratici canes,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 47:
simul atque de Caesaris adventu cognitum est,
Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; cf. Cic. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 8, 10, 31; Suet. Caes. 29; id. Galb. 7.—
3.
Simul ut (v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33):
simul ut experrecti sumus, visa illa contemnimus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:
simul ut accepi a Seleuco litteras tuas, statim quaesivi, etc.,
id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:
nostros omnia consequi potuisse, simul ut velle coepissent,
id. Tusc. 4, 2, 5; id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 3 (6, 2):
simul ut, qui sint professi, videro, dicam,
id. Planc. 6, 14; id. Att. 10, 4, 12:
nam simul ut supero se totum lumine Cancer extulit, extemplo cedit delapsa Corona,
id. Arat. 596 (349).—
4.
Simul et:
simul et quid erit certi, scribam ad te,
Cic. Att. 2, 20, 2:
ego ad te statim habebo quod scribam, simul et videro Curionem,
id. ib. 10, 4, 12:
quam accepi simul et in Cumanum veni,
id. ib. 10, 16, 4; 16, 11, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3. In all these passages the Cod. Med. has simul et, which the editors variously changed into simulatque, simulac, simul ut, simul; so,
omne animal simul et ortum est, se ipsum diligit,
Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33, where the vulg. has simul ut, and Madv. reads simul [et] ortum.—
5.
Simul ubi:
quod simul ubi conspexit, equites emisit,
Liv. 4, 18, 7 dub. Weissenb. ad loc.—
6.
Simul alone, = simul atque:
simul herbae inceperint nasci,
Cato, R. R. 48:
hic simul argentum repperit, cura sese expedivit,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 4: simul limen intrabo, illi extrabunt illico, Afran. ap. Non. 104, 21 (Com. Rel. v. 5 Rib.):
simul inflavit tibicen, a perito carmen agnoscitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 86:
nostri, simul in arido constiterunt, in hostes impetum fecerunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:
simul increpuere arma, hostis pedem rettulit,
Liv. 6, 24, 1; cf. Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 12; id. Fin. 3, 6, 21; id. Arat. 594 (349); Caes. B. C. 1, 30, 3; Liv. 3, 62, 6; 4, 18, 6; 4, 31, 5; 4, 32, 6; 5, 25, 11; 8, 32, 2; 21, 55, 9; 44, 8 med.; 44, 19; 44, 44 fin.; Curt. 3, 11, 4; Phaedr. 3, 16, 16; Hor. C. 1, 12, 27; 3, 4, 37; Verg. G. 4, 232; Ov. F. 1, 567.—Strengthened by primum:
simul primum magistratio abiit, dicta dies est,
Liv. 6, 1, 6:
simul primum anni tempus navigabile praebuisset mare,
id. 35, 44, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; Suet. Caes. 30.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > semul
18 simultaneo agg

[simul'taneo] simultaneo (-a)
simultaneous

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > simultaneo agg
19 ac

atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).
I.
In joining single words, which is its most common use.
A.
In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)
1.
The form atque.
a.
Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):
sociorum atque amicorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):
deposci atque expeti,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):
excitare atque inflammare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):
honestissimus atque ornatissimus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):
Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—
b.
Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):
Gallorum atque Belgarum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,
Cassius atque Brutus,
Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):
in portubus atque custodiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):
superatam esse atque depressam,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):
vitiis atque flagitiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):
dignitate atque gloria,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:
virtute atque gloria,
Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):
labore atque justitia,
Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):
hilari atque laeto,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):
multae atque magnae,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):
adventu atque nomine,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):
magna atque praeclara,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):
se conlegit atque recreavit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):
provinciarum atque sociorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):
parietum atque tectorum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):
gravis atque vehemens,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—
2.
The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):
sentientes ac bene meritos,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:
feri ac barbari,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):
liberis ac conjugibus,
Liv. 21, 30:
Romae ac circa urbem,
id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):
periculum ac discrimen,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:
usus ac disciplina,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):
opima est ac fertilis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:
potentissimos ac firmissimos,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;
2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,
Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):
nobilitatis ac juventutis,
Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):
terrore ac metu,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):
insedit ac nimis inveteravit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:
gentes ac nationes,
id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):
celeberrimum ac plenissimum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):
firmamenti ac roboris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):
vectigalibus ac sociis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):
tantis rebus ac tanto bello,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):
armatos ac victores,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:
inconsulte ac veluti etc.,
Sall. C. 42, 2:
opera ac vineae,
Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:
Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,
Tac. Agr. 35:
in se simul atque in Herculem,
id. G. 34:
suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,
id. ib. 30; so,
sociis pariter atque hostibus,
id. H. 4, 73:
innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,
id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:
verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,
Cic. Cael. 19, 45:
omnia honesta atque inhonesta,
Sall. C. 30, 4:
nobiles atque ignobiles,
id. ib. 20, 7:
caloris ac frigoris patientia par,
Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:
vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—
B.
Esp.
a.
In a hendiadys:
utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,
with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:
de conplexu ejus ac sinu,
of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:
me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,
Sall. C. 3 fin.:
clamore atque adsensu,
shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—
b.
In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).
(α).
Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:
Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,
and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:
rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,
and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:
magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,
and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:
hebeti ingenio atque nullo,
and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:
ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,
and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:
fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,
and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:
intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,
id. C. 52, 35.—
(β).
With adeo, and that too, and even:
intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:
qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,
id. ib. 2, 12, 27:
insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,
id. Planc. 19 fin.:
non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,
Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:
atque adeo autem quor etc.,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—
(γ).
With etiam:
id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,
and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:
ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,
Liv. 3, 46.—
(δ).
With the dem. pron. hic, is:
negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,
and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:
maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 27:
Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,
id. ib. 2, 2:
duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,
id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:
flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,
id. B. G. 5, 18:
ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:
dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,
Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—
II.
In comparisons.
A.
Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:
si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:
Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,
Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:
pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:
neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:
parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,
Nep. Dat. 3, 5:
magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,
id. Hann. 5, 3:
pariter patribus ac plebi carus,
Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:
In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,
Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:
equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:
cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:
Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,
Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:
et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,
id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:
similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,
Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:
contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,
Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:
faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:
cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,
Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—
B.
Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:
illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,
other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:
aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.
also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,
Cic. Att. 2, 3:
simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:
vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:
qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,
id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:
membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,
id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:
cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,
id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—
C.
Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;
once, however, non aliter, ac si,
Cic. Att. 13, 51;
v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,
Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:
nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,
id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:
quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:
et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,
id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:
si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,
id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:
Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,
just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:
tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,
id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:
reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,
id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:
quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,
id. Mur. 4 fin.:
haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,
Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —
D.
More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;
in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:
haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,
id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:
debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,
Cic. Cat. 4, 2:
pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,
id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:
non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,
nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:
neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:
num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?
id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—
E.
Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):
nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:
quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,
id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:
quae suco caret atque putris pumex,
Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—
F.
Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:
amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:
non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,
Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:
Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,
Cat. 61, 172:
haud minus ac jussi faciunt,
Verg. A. 3, 561:
Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:
nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,
id. ib. 2, 7, 96:
Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,
id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —
G.
In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:
principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,
as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:
judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,
Dig. 21, 1, 25:
quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,
ib. 16, 1, 24.—
III.
To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.
a.
Absol.:
Decipiam ac non veniam,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:
si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:
perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,
Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:
quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 33:
si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?
id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:
nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,
id. Att. 1, 16:
si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,
id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:
si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,
id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:
velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,
Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:
si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,
Tac. Or. 1.—
b.
With potius:
Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):
quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?
id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:
concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,
Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —
IV.
In connecting clauses and beginning periods.
1.
In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:
atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:
cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:
multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,
Tac. A. 1, 47:
Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,
Tac. Or. 14:
ac similiter in translatione, etc.,
Quint. 3, 6, 77.—
2.
In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.
a.
Absol.:
maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,
and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —
b.
Often with etiam:
Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,
Cic. Or. 40, 139:
Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—
c.
Sometimes with quoque:
Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—
d.
And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—
3.
In narration:
aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,
Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:
completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,
Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init. —
4.
In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):
Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:
ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,
Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;
12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,
Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;
and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,
Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:
Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:
Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,
id. Lael. 15, 54.—
5.
In connecting two acts or events.
a.
In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;
ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,
And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:
Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,
and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:
dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:
lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,
and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:
dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,
Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:
tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,
id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:
cape hoc argentum atque defer,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:
abi domum ac deos comprecare,
id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:
tace modo ac sequere hac,
id. ib. 2, 4, 16:
Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,
Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:
Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,
id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—
b.
In the order of thought, and so, and thus, and therefore.
(α).
Absol.:
si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,
and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—
(β).
With ita or sic:
Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,
Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:
ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,
Quint. 12, 10, 67.—
c.
Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):
non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,
Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—
6.
(As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:
Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:
hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,
id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;
ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:
Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,
And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—
7.
In expressing a wish, atque utinam:
Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!
Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:
Atque utinam pro decore etc.,
Liv. 21, 41, 13:
Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,
Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:
Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!
Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—
8.
To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.
a.
Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;
atque ipsis commentum placet,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):
ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,
id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:
ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,
and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:
observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,
Plin. Pan. 26.—
b.
With tamen:
nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:
discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,
id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:
Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,
id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):
ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,
Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;
14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,
id. H. 5, 16.—
9.
To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;
... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:
nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),
Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—
10.
In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).
a.
A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:
Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,
Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:
Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,
id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:
Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,
Cels. 8, 1:
Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:
Ac ne forte putes,
id. ib. 2, 1, 208:
Ac ne forte putes etc.,
Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—
b.
A positive purpose:
Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,
Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:
Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:
Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,
id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—
11.
a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:
atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,
id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—
b.
In introducing parentheses:
vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,
Liv. 21, 38:
omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,
Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae. —
c.
At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:
Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,
id. Off. 1, 6, 19:
Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,
id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—
V.
In particular connections and phrases.
A.
Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:
unae atque alterae scalae,
Sall. J. 60, 7:
quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,
id. ib. 93, 2:
unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,
Tac. H. 5, 6:
dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,
Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:
alius atque alius,
Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:
aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,
Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—
B.
Etiam atque etiam. again and again:
temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,
Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:
etiam atque etiam considera,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:
monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,
id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:
iterum atque iterum,
Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—
C.
Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—
D.
Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:
atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,
but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:
Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,
and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—
E.
Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:
Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,
Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:
quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,
id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:
nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,
id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:
Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,
Quint. 10, 2, 2.—
F.
With other conjunctions.
1.
After et:
equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,
Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:
Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,
id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:
vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,
Tac. Agr. 32.:
denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,
Liv. 21, 6, 4:
ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,
id. 21, 41, 2:
et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,
Quint. 8, 3, 3:
Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,
id. 12, 10, 67. —
2.
After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:
submoverique atque in castra redigi,
Liv. 26, 10:
terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,
id. 21, 52:
mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,
Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—
3.
Before et:
caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,
Tac. Agr. 32.—
4.
After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):
nec clavis nec canis atque calix,
Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:
mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,
Suet. Vesp. 12.—
G.
Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:
atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:
omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,
id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:
Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,
Cat. 68, 152:
Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,
Verg. G. 4, 463:
Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,
id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:
Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,
Tib. 2, 5, 73:
complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,
Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.

► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:
a.
In the second place:
Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,
Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:
Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,
id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):
Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,
Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—
b.
In the third place:
quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,
Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.)

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ac
20 adque

atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).
I.
In joining single words, which is its most common use.
A.
In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)
1.
The form atque.
a.
Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):
sociorum atque amicorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):
deposci atque expeti,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):
excitare atque inflammare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):
honestissimus atque ornatissimus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):
Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—
b.
Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):
Gallorum atque Belgarum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,
Cassius atque Brutus,
Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):
in portubus atque custodiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):
superatam esse atque depressam,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):
vitiis atque flagitiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):
dignitate atque gloria,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:
virtute atque gloria,
Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):
labore atque justitia,
Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):
hilari atque laeto,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):
multae atque magnae,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):
adventu atque nomine,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):
magna atque praeclara,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):
se conlegit atque recreavit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):
provinciarum atque sociorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):
parietum atque tectorum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):
gravis atque vehemens,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—
2.
The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):
sentientes ac bene meritos,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:
feri ac barbari,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):
liberis ac conjugibus,
Liv. 21, 30:
Romae ac circa urbem,
id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):
periculum ac discrimen,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:
usus ac disciplina,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):
opima est ac fertilis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:
potentissimos ac firmissimos,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;
2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,
Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):
nobilitatis ac juventutis,
Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):
terrore ac metu,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):
insedit ac nimis inveteravit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:
gentes ac nationes,
id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):
celeberrimum ac plenissimum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):
firmamenti ac roboris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):
vectigalibus ac sociis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):
tantis rebus ac tanto bello,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):
armatos ac victores,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:
inconsulte ac veluti etc.,
Sall. C. 42, 2:
opera ac vineae,
Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:
Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,
Tac. Agr. 35:
in se simul atque in Herculem,
id. G. 34:
suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,
id. ib. 30; so,
sociis pariter atque hostibus,
id. H. 4, 73:
innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,
id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:
verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,
Cic. Cael. 19, 45:
omnia honesta atque inhonesta,
Sall. C. 30, 4:
nobiles atque ignobiles,
id. ib. 20, 7:
caloris ac frigoris patientia par,
Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:
vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—
B.
Esp.
a.
In a hendiadys:
utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,
with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:
de conplexu ejus ac sinu,
of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:
me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,
Sall. C. 3 fin.:
clamore atque adsensu,
shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—
b.
In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).
(α).
Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:
Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,
and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:
rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,
and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:
magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,
and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:
hebeti ingenio atque nullo,
and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:
ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,
and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:
fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,
and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:
intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,
id. C. 52, 35.—
(β).
With adeo, and that too, and even:
intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:
qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,
id. ib. 2, 12, 27:
insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,
id. Planc. 19 fin.:
non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,
Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:
atque adeo autem quor etc.,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—
(γ).
With etiam:
id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,
and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:
ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,
Liv. 3, 46.—
(δ).
With the dem. pron. hic, is:
negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,
and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:
maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 27:
Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,
id. ib. 2, 2:
duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,
id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:
flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,
id. B. G. 5, 18:
ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:
dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,
Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—
II.
In comparisons.
A.
Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:
si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:
Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,
Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:
pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:
neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:
parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,
Nep. Dat. 3, 5:
magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,
id. Hann. 5, 3:
pariter patribus ac plebi carus,
Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:
In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,
Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:
equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:
cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:
Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,
Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:
et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,
id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:
similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,
Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:
contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,
Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:
faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:
cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,
Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—
B.
Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:
illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,
other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:
aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.
also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,
Cic. Att. 2, 3:
simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:
vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:
qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,
id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:
membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,
id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:
cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,
id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—
C.
Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;
once, however, non aliter, ac si,
Cic. Att. 13, 51;
v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,
Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:
nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,
id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:
quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:
et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,
id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:
si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,
id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:
Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,
just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:
tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,
id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:
reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,
id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:
quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,
id. Mur. 4 fin.:
haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,
Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —
D.
More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;
in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:
haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,
id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:
debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,
Cic. Cat. 4, 2:
pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,
id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:
non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,
nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:
neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:
num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?
id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—
E.
Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):
nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:
quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,
id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:
quae suco caret atque putris pumex,
Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—
F.
Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:
amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:
non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,
Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:
Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,
Cat. 61, 172:
haud minus ac jussi faciunt,
Verg. A. 3, 561:
Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:
nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,
id. ib. 2, 7, 96:
Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,
id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —
G.
In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:
principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,
as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:
judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,
Dig. 21, 1, 25:
quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,
ib. 16, 1, 24.—
III.
To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.
a.
Absol.:
Decipiam ac non veniam,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:
si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:
perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,
Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:
quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 33:
si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?
id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:
nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,
id. Att. 1, 16:
si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,
id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:
si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,
id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:
velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,
Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:
si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,
Tac. Or. 1.—
b.
With potius:
Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):
quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?
id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:
concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,
Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —
IV.
In connecting clauses and beginning periods.
1.
In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:
atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:
cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:
multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,
Tac. A. 1, 47:
Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,
Tac. Or. 14:
ac similiter in translatione, etc.,
Quint. 3, 6, 77.—
2.
In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.
a.
Absol.:
maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,
and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —
b.
Often with etiam:
Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,
Cic. Or. 40, 139:
Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—
c.
Sometimes with quoque:
Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—
d.
And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—
3.
In narration:
aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,
Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:
completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,
Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init. —
4.
In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):
Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:
ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,
Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;
12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,
Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;
and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,
Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:
Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:
Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,
id. Lael. 15, 54.—
5.
In connecting two acts or events.
a.
In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;
ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,
And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:
Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,
and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:
dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:
lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,
and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:
dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,
Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:
tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,
id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:
cape hoc argentum atque defer,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:
abi domum ac deos comprecare,
id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:
tace modo ac sequere hac,
id. ib. 2, 4, 16:
Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,
Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:
Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,
id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—
b.
In the order of thought, and so, and thus, and therefore.
(α).
Absol.:
si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,
and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—
(β).
With ita or sic:
Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,
Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:
ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,
Quint. 12, 10, 67.—
c.
Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):
non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,
Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—
6.
(As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:
Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:
hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,
id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;
ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:
Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,
And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—
7.
In expressing a wish, atque utinam:
Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!
Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:
Atque utinam pro decore etc.,
Liv. 21, 41, 13:
Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,
Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:
Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!
Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—
8.
To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.
a.
Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;
atque ipsis commentum placet,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):
ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,
id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:
ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,
and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:
observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,
Plin. Pan. 26.—
b.
With tamen:
nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:
discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,
id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:
Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,
id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):
ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,
Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;
14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,
id. H. 5, 16.—
9.
To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;
... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:
nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),
Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—
10.
In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).
a.
A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:
Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,
Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:
Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,
id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:
Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,
Cels. 8, 1:
Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:
Ac ne forte putes,
id. ib. 2, 1, 208:
Ac ne forte putes etc.,
Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—
b.
A positive purpose:
Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,
Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:
Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:
Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,
id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—
11.
a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:
atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,
id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—
b.
In introducing parentheses:
vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,
Liv. 21, 38:
omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,
Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae. —
c.
At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:
Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,
id. Off. 1, 6, 19:
Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,
id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—
V.
In particular connections and phrases.
A.
Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:
unae atque alterae scalae,
Sall. J. 60, 7:
quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,
id. ib. 93, 2:
unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,
Tac. H. 5, 6:
dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,
Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:
alius atque alius,
Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:
aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,
Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—
B.
Etiam atque etiam. again and again:
temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,
Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:
etiam atque etiam considera,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:
monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,
id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:
iterum atque iterum,
Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—
C.
Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—
D.
Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:
atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,
but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:
Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,
and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—
E.
Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:
Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,
Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:
quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,
id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:
nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,
id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:
Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,
Quint. 10, 2, 2.—
F.
With other conjunctions.
1.
After et:
equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,
Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:
Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,
id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:
vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,
Tac. Agr. 32.:
denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,
Liv. 21, 6, 4:
ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,
id. 21, 41, 2:
et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,
Quint. 8, 3, 3:
Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,
id. 12, 10, 67. —
2.
After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:
submoverique atque in castra redigi,
Liv. 26, 10:
terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,
id. 21, 52:
mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,
Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—
3.
Before et:
caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,
Tac. Agr. 32.—
4.
After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):
nec clavis nec canis atque calix,
Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:
mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,
Suet. Vesp. 12.—
G.
Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:
atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:
omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,
id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:
Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,
Cat. 68, 152:
Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,
Verg. G. 4, 463:
Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,
id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:
Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,
Tib. 2, 5, 73:
complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,
Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.

► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:
a.
In the second place:
Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,
Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:
Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,
id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):
Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,
Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—
b.
In the third place:
quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,
Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.)

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adque

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simul — noun A simultaneous exhibition: one player, typically very strong, plays several games at the same time against different opponents, typically weaker. Were not just starting with Round 1. Were kicking off with a simul. Four simuls to be exact … Wiktionary
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